Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Alternative mating strategy wikipedia , lookup
Animal communication wikipedia , lookup
Infanticide (zoology) wikipedia , lookup
Animal culture wikipedia , lookup
Animal psychopathology wikipedia , lookup
Homosexual behavior in animals wikipedia , lookup
Observational learning wikipedia , lookup
Animal cognition wikipedia , lookup
Social learning in animals wikipedia , lookup
Neuroethology wikipedia , lookup
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR Ch 51 Animal behavior involves the actions of muscles and glands, which are under the control of the nervous system, to help an animal respond to a stimulus Behavior is subject to natural selection: The following questions are considered when analyzing animal behavior: • What is the stimulus that elicits the behavior and what is the physiological mechanism of the response? (proximate cause) • How do animal’s experiences influence the response? (proximate cause) • How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction? (ultimate cause) • What is the evolutionary history of the behavior? (ultimate cause) Proximate cause: Ultimate cause: Behavior can be innate: Behavior can be learned: I. KINDS OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOR A. Fixed action patterns • Example: male stickleback fish (they have red bellies) will attack other males that invade their nesting territories but won’t attack females (no red bellies) What is the stimulus? B. Oriented movement • Kinesis: • Taxis: Migration: o What might be the stimulus to initiate migration? o Depending on species of bird, it can be innate or learned o How would they determine if it is innate or learned? C. Behavioral rhythms D. Animal communication: Chemical communication: Visual communication: • Auditory Tactile = touch E. Habituation F. Imprinting G. Associative Learning Classical conditioning : social learning: Insight: Operant conditioning: II. Genetics of Behavior A. Is behavior the result of genetics or is it learned? • Genes provide the instructions for behavior • Nongenetic factors can modify how instructions are carried out • Some behavior is more genetic than learned and visa versa B. The purpose of behavior is to enhance survival • Genes for behavior have evolved by natural selection in order to enhance survival 1. Foraging behavior • Foraging: • Benefit of foraging: • Cost of foraging: 2. Mating behavior Intrasexual selection: intrasexual selection: