Download Gr. 4 Big Idea 16-Flowering Plant Reproduction and Life

Big Idea 16
Heredity and Reproduction
Benchmark SC.4.L.16.1
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Pacing Guide
Quarter 3: 02/24-03/07
Benchmark SC.4.L.16.4
Stages & Life Cycles of Florida Plants
and Animals
Pacing Guide
Quarter 3: 03/10-03/20
Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist
Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist
Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor
Department of Mathematics and Science
Office of Academics and Transformation
Sexual Reproduction in
Flowering Plants
• SC.4.L.16.1 - Identify processes of sexual reproduction in
flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization (seed
production), seed dispersal, and germination. (Assessed as
SC.3.L.14.1.)
• SC.3.L.14.1 - Describe structures in plants and their roles in food
production, support, water and nutrient transport, and
reproduction.
Schoolyard Field Study:
Observing a Wild Flower
Materials: A partner, plastic knife, hand lens,
paper towel, wild flower (weed)
Procedures:
• Pick a small plant to observe with a partner.
• Dig it out of the ground carefully and shake off the dirt.
• Draw your plant and label the parts.
• Use a hand lens to observe each part and sketch
observations.
• Use sensory words to describe the your plant.
• Be ready to share with the class.
Purpose of a Flower
Are Flowers
More Than
Just Pretty?
Flower Power
• Essential Question: What are the parts of a
flower and the function of each part?
• Learning Goals:
Observe and identify flower parts.
Reconstruct a flower model.
Recognize the function of a flower,
identifying the processes of reproduction
including pollination, fertilization, seed
dispersal, and germination.
The Parts of a Flower
What are the three main parts of
flowers?
• petals
• stamens
• pistil
The Parts of a Flower
• Sepals protect the bud
until it opens.
• Petals attract insects.
• Stamens make pollen.
• Pistil contain the ovary
which contains the ovules
(eggs).
• When fertilized, ovules
grow into fruits which
contain seed.
Flowering Plant Reproduction
• Pistil
• Ovary
• Egg
• Stamen
• Pollen
• Sperm
• Pollination
• Fertilization
The Stamen:
Male Reproductive Part of
a Flower
Anther:
Pollen grains (sperm
cells) grow in the
anther.
Filament:
This holds the
anther.
The Pistil:
Female Reproductive
Parts of a Flower
Stigma
Style
Ovary (carpel)
Eggs(ovules)
Flower Power Writing
Why Do Plants Make Flowers?
Stories Must Include:
• Common & scientific name
• Description of the flower
• Explanation of the role of the
flower in the life cycle of the
plant
• Use or value of the plant
Writing Assessment Rubric:
• Accuracy of information
• Creativity
• Use of vivid vocabulary
• Description of flower
• Plant’s use or value
What is Pollination?
Gizmos: Flower Pollination
Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains
from the male anther of the stamen to the
female stigma.
 Pollen lands on a female pistil, sperm cells move
down to the ovary, fertilizing the egg cells.
 Fertilization combines DNA.
 The result is a seed with a tiny plant inside.
 The ovary grows into a fruit to protect the seeds.
Pollinators
 Animals, wind, and water can all
help in the transfer of pollen.
 We call animals or insects that
transfer pollen from plant to plant
"pollinators ".
 The flower type, shape, color,
odor, nectar, and structure vary by
the type of pollinator that visits
them.
Wind Pollination
Some flowers, such as grasses, do not
have brightly colored petals and nectar
to attract insects. These flowers are
pollinated by the wind.
Flowering plants use:
•
•
•
•
•
the wind
insects
bats
birds
mammals
to transfer pollen from the stamen (male)
part of the flower to the stigma (female)
part of the flower.
Check Point
• What is pollination?
• How do flowering plants depend on other
living things in order to reproduce?
• Why are young plants like but not identical to
their parents?
Major Stages of Life Cycles of
Florida Plants and Animals
• SC.4.L.16.1 - Identify processes of sexual reproduction in
flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization (seed
production), seed dispersal, and germination. (Assessed
as SC.3.L.14.1. “Fair Game”) AA
• SC.4.L.16.4 - Compare and contrast the major stages in
the life cycles of Florida plants and animals, such as those
that undergo incomplete and complete metamorphosis,
and flowering and nonflowering seed-bearing plants. AA
17
The Animal’s Life Cycle
Birth to Death
1. They are born (egg or embryo).
2. They grow (infant).
3. They develop into adults (adolescent).
4. Adults can reproduce (adult stages).
Life Stages of Insects
Incomplete
Metamorphosis
(grasshoppers)
a. Egg
b. Nymph
c. Adult
Complete
Metamorphosis
(butterflies and moths)
a. Egg
b. Larva (caterpillar)
c. Pupa
d. Adult
The Butterfly Life Cycle
Complete Metamorphosis
Larvae
Egg
Pupal Stage
Adult Butterfly
The Grasshopper Life Cycle
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Nymph
Egg
Adult
Grasshopper
Let’s Explore!
Gone to Seed
Three main parts:
1. seed coat - a covering with two roles:
- Protects new plant called embyro
- Guards stored food called endosperm.
2. endosperm – stored food
3. embryo – The new plant with structures called
seed leaves or cotyledons.
Observing Seeds
Senses & Hand Lens
• Sight - Looks
• Touch - Feels
• Hearing – Sounds
when dropped
• Odor – Smells
Qualitative Observations
Measurement Tools
• Ruler
• Tape measure
• Balance
• Gram mass pieces
Quantitative Observations
Observing a Seed
1. Observe the outside of a dry bean seed with a hand
lens. Draw it and write down four or more properties
including length and width.
2. Get a wet bean seed to observe. Draw it and write
down four or more properties including length and
width.
3. Why is the wet seed larger?
4. Split it open and observe its parts. Draw and label its
inside including the seed coat, cotyledon, and
embryo.
Wet Bean
1st
Lets make
Dry Seed
Observations:
Length:
Width:
Mass:
Color:
Texture:
2nd Let’s explore …
How do seeds get dispersed
from a plant into the ground?
• Some seeds are hidden in the ground by animals such as
squirrels as a winter store.
• Some seeds have hooks on them and cling to fur or clothes.
How do birds and animals
help seed dispersal?
Birds and animals eat the
fruits and excrete
the
seeds away from the parent
plant.
Ways Seeds are Carried Away from a
Plant
•
•
•
•
•
Animal-carried
Animal-consumed
Water-borne
Wind-borne
Propelled
Seed Germination
What do seeds need to sprout?
•
•
•
•
Water
Oxygen
Proper temperature
Some require proper light
Seed Germination
What are the variables that affect germination?
Test your ideas on the Gizmo: Germination.
www.explorelearning.com
What did we learn?
•
•
•
•
Water
Proper temperature
Some require proper light
Oxygen
Where are seeds found in flowering
and non flowering plants?
Flowering Plants
Holds seeds inside of the flower
which lie dormant, waiting to be
planted in the ground.
Non-Flowering Plants
Seeds are made in their cone or
spores instead of the flower.
Life Cycle of Flowering
Plants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reproduction
Seed
Seedling
Adult Plant
Flowers/Fruit
Seed Dispersal
Germination
Reproduction in Non-Flowering
Plants
• Some plant produce spores.
• Some plants produce cones that contain
seeds.
Life Cycle of Flowering and Non-Flowering Plants
Life Cycle of a
Plant
Remember…
When the small plant inside begins to grow, the seed
germinates.
The young plant that grows from a seed is the
seedling.
Seeds are scattered by planting, wind, water,
and animals.
Let’s Review!
1. What do all living things need to live and
grow?
food, water and air
2. Can you name the parts of a plant?
roots, stem, leaves and flower
3. What do plants need to grow?
sunlight, air, water and nutrients
or minerals from the soil
4. What do the roots do for a plant?
The roots hold a plant in place and
takes in water and nutrients from the
soil.
5. What does the stem do for a plant?
The stem holds up the plant and moves
water and nutrients through it.
6. Why does a plant need leaves?
Leaves use sunlight, air, water, and
nutrients to make food for the plant.
7. What do flowers do for plants?
Flowers make fruits that hold seeds.
These seeds will make new plants.
8. How can seeds be scattered?
By planting, animals, water, and
wind.