Download The Effects of Plate Movements

The Effects of Plate Movements
Recall: Plate Tectonics
These plates come together at ___________________and movement in 3 different directions
can/will occur:
1. Convergent –crust is destroyed as ________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Divergent –crust is generated as _________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Transform –crust is neither produced or destroyed as ____________________
__________________________________________________________________
Convergent Plate –crust is destroyed
The size of the Earth has not changed much in __________________________________
-Therefore, the crust must be destroyed at the same rate as created
This destruction occurs along convergent boundaries where plates move closer together
These collisions can occur between:
1. Ocean plates and continental plates
2. Ocean plates and ocean plates
3. Continental plates and continental plates
Converging Plates
• Occurs as ______________________________________________
• One plate goes beneath another at a _________________________
• Earthquakes are frequent here.
• Volcanic _______________and __________________________
are also formed.
Converging Plate Examples”
1. Marianas Trench – deepest trench in the world
2. Andes Mountains in South America
3. Tibetan Plateaus in Asia
Divergent Plates –crust is produced
 Occurs along spreading centers where ________________________________________
What happens?
 _______________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Diverging Plates
• A plume of hot magma ________ from deep within the _________
pushing up the crust and causing pressure forcing the
continent to break and separate.
• Lava flows and earthquakes would be seen
• When a divergence occurs within a continent it is called
_________________
Under the Ocean
• Divergence can also occur in the ocean
• The sea floor in the Atlantic Ocean continues to spread
• 17 square km of new plate (sea floor) is created every year
• Therefore, the ______________________________________________
Transform –crust is neither produced nor destroyed
• Occur along centres where plates are sliding _______________________ passed one
another
• Offset the active spreading (convergent) ridges
• Produces a ________________________ like formation of the ridges
• Most commonly found on the ocean floor
• But very famous one found in California:
_____________________________
Folding and Faulting
• Location of some of the major faults on the Earth.
• Note that many of these faults are in mountainous regions.
Folding and Faulting
• Folding - a _________________________ that results from a response to compressional
forces.
• Faulting - a __________________________ where there has been movement and
displacement. Caused by a shifting or dislodging of the ____________________, in
which adjacent surfaces are displaced.
Earthquakes:
• Occur when two plates that are locked suddenly rub passed each other
•
-release LARGE amounts of energy = shaking or trembling
• The shaking or trembling __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
• Continuing adjustment of position results in _______________________________
- Each year, more than a million earthquakes occur worldwide
• _________________ location inside Earth where earthquake begins
• ___________________ point on Earth directly above focus  most violent shaking
Earthquake Effects:
- Can cause damage to _________________________________, but can also cause
__________________________________________ and if a large enough earthquake
occurs under the ocean then you get a …..
Tsunami
- A series of ______________________________ caused by the
_____________________________________________________
- Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and
Underwater explosions can cause a tsunami and massive devastation like
in ____________________________________________
Where Do Earthquakes Occur and How Often?
~80% of all earthquakes occur in the circum-Pacific belt
– most of these result from convergent margin activity
– ~15% occur in the Mediterranean-Asiatic belt
– remaining 5% occur in the interiors of plates and on spreading ridge centers
– more than 150,000 quakes strong enough to be felt are recorded each year
Volcanoes:
A volcano is a place on the earth’s surface where ____________________
_____________________________________________________________________
A volcano is an opening or rupture in a planet’s surface or crust. Volcanic activity
involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or what appears like a mountain over a
period of time
They are generally found where tectonic plates are either ________________ or
_________________. They can also be found in places where the Earth’s crust is thinning or
stretching away from plate boundaries (called ________________)
On eruption, _______________ erupts through the earth’s surface called Lava. ________can be
thick and slow moving or thin and fast moving. Rock also comes from volcanoes in other forms
like ________ (powdered rock that looks like dark smoke from the volcano) and
______________ (bits of fragmented lava)
The volcano releases __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
Effects:
- People killed and Animals killed
- Hospitals become overloaded
- Homes destroyed, Land destroyed
- Millions of dollars spent in aid
- Army bought in to assist
- Towns evacuated