Download Chapter 5: Ancient Rome and The Rise of Christianty Chapter 9

CH. 5:
ANCIENT ROME
Roman Civilization Arises in Italy
 Italian peninsula is located in the
Mediterranean Sea and Rome is in the center
of Italy.
 Latins settled in villages along the Tiber River,
which would eventually turn into Rome.
 Etruscans lived alongside the Romans.
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Used arches in construction
Used engineering to drain marshy land
Romans learned from Etruscan civilization
In 509 B.C. Romans drove out their Etruscan king
SECTION 1
The Roman
Wo r l d T a k e s
Shape
The Romans Establish a Republic
 Romans establish a republic, a government
in which people choose some officials.
SECTION 1
 Senate:
Made laws and controlled the
government
 Patricians were the 300 landowning members
 Consuls- 2 individuals chosen by the Senators to
supervise the government and command the
military
 Only allowed to serve 1 term in order to limit their power
 Dictator-Ruler with complete control was
chosen for only a 6 month period during
wartime
The Roman
Wo r l d T a k e s
Shape
The Romans Establish a Republic
Plebeians
Farmers, merchants, artisans,
and the majority of the
population.
At first they had very few
government rights
Elected tribunes, officials to
protect their interests
Able to veto, or block, laws
that were harmful to Plebeians
SECTION 1
The Roman
Wo r l d T a k e s
Shape
450 B.C., The Laws of the 12 Tables
Plebeians could
now appeal a
judgment
handed down by
a patrician judge
Framers of the US Constitution adapted
Roman ideas.
Senate
Veto
Checks on political power
Characterizing Roman Society
 Males were head of the household
 Women’s Role
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Able to own property
Ran businesses
Worked in the home
Publicly they went out to dinner with their husbands
or to the theatre
 Education
 Girls and boys from all social levels learned to read
and write. Wealthy families hired private Greek tutors.
 Roman Mythology and Religion
 Believed in gods and goddess, similar to the Greeks
Greek
Roman
Zeus
Jupiter
Hera
Juno
Poseidon
Neptune
SECTION 1
The Roman
Wo r l d T a k e s
Shape
The Roman Republic Grows
 Roman Army
 Legion-Basic military unit of 5,000 men
 Good soldiers had loyalty, courage, and
respect for authority
 Rewards and harsh
punishment were typical
 Rome conquers lands
 Conquered people had
to pay taxes and follow
Roman leaders-some
were granted citizenship
.
Because of this,
many stayed
loyal to Rome
SECTION 1
The Roman
Wo r l d T a k e s
Shape
Rome Grows Through Conquest
Punic Wars
Between Rome and Carthage, a city-state
in Northern Africa
First Punic
War, Rome
wins
Won Corsica,
Sicily, &
Sardinia
Second Punic War
Carthage general Hannibal
Surprised Romans by crossing the Pyrenees
Lost 1/3 of his men
For 15 years traveled through Italy winning battle
after battle
Failed to capture Rome
Third Punic War (149-146BC)
“Carthage must be
destroyed”
Rome destroyed Carthage
Survivors were killed or sold into
slavery
Romans poured salt on the land so
nothing would grow again
Romans were now masters of the
Mediterranean
“The Carthaginians
fought for their own
preservation and the
sovereignty of
Africa, the Romans,
for supremacy and
world domination.”
- A Greek witness to the fall of
Carthage
Bell ringer,
10/20
Explain
the
meaning
of this
quote in at
least 3 full
sentences.
 Imperialism- Establishing control over
foreign lands and peoples
 Romans conquered Macedonia, Greece,
parts of Egypt and Asia Minor
 Slave Labor
 1/3 of the empire were slaves. They
did public work projects and
farming.
 Gap between rich and poor caused
many issues
Romans called
Mediterranean,
“Mare Nostrum”
= “Our Sea”
SECTION 2
F r o m R e p ub l ic
to Empire
Roman Republic Declines
Series of Civil Wars
Who would rule?
Senate
Popular political leaders
Slave uprisings
Legions had loyalty to their commanders
first
Rival commanders now had their own armies
Julius Caesar
For a time, Caesar & Pompey
(another general) ruled
58 BC Conquered Gaul (France
& Belgium)
Pompey was concerned Caesar
would become too powerful. He
ordered him to return to Rome
and disband the army
Crossing
the
Rubicon
SECTION 2
F r o m R e p ub l ic
to Empire
Roman Republic Declines
Julius Caesar
Crushed Pompey
Went around Mediterranean
suppressing rebellions
Forced Senate to name him
dictator
48-44 bc
Gave land to poor, started
programs for the unemployed
Introduced the Julian calendarminor changes to it is what we
use today .
SECTION 2
F r o m R e p ub l ic
to Empire
“Veni,
vidi,
vici”
Roman Republic
Declines
Enemies were worried
They feared he would make
himself king
March of 44 bc
Caesar was
stabbed to death
New round of
Civil Wars
31 BC
Mark Antony (general) and Octavian
(nephew) joined together to punish
the murderers
Power struggle broke out
 Octavian eventually defeated Antony
and Egypt’s Queen Cleopatra.
The Age of the Roman Empire
Dawns
 Augustus “Exatled One” was given
to Octavian.
 1 st Roman Emperor
 Stable Government
Civil Service
High level jobs were open to men in
all classes
Ordered a census, population
count, to have records of people
that would be taxed.
Set up postal service
Unemployed were given jobs
building roads and temples
31 bc –
14 ad
Pax Romana “Roman Peace”
200 years of peace, unity, and
prosperity throughout the Roman
empire.
Augustus to Marcus Aurelius
Entertainment
 Circus Maximus
 A racecourse
where chariot
races were held.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93walxW7mjQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaYffgD6nBA
Bread &
Circuses
Romans Write Literature, History, and
Philosophy
Romans imitated and
admired Greek culture
Poets satirized, or made fun
of Roman society
Stoicism: Stressed the
importance of duty and
accepting one’s fate.
Virgil’s Aenid: About a hero
who escapes Troy & founds
Rome
Roman
writers
used
Latin
.
Roman Art and Architecture
Develops
 Architecture, Greeks focused on
balance & harmony, Romans
focused on Grandeur
 Big palaces and stadium, giant
monuments
 Sculptors focused on realism,
showing every aspect of the
subject.
 Idealism, was showcasing a
subject in a different way.
Ex. Augustus was crafted as a
powerful symbol even though in
real life he was not an imposing
figure.
SECTION 3
The Roman
A c hi e v e m e nt
Art in Homes
 Mt. Vesuvius erupted in 79. I t buried the
city of Pompeii.
 The ash preserved much of the city and
we are now able to see how they lived.
Romans Apply Science and Mathematics for
Practical Use

Engineers built roads,
bridges, and aqueducts,
that brought water from the
hills to the city .
New Law Codes Protect the Empire
Roman laws would be the
basis for other societies
Laws fostered unity and
stability
Law Systems
Civil Law-applied to all
citizens
Law of Nations-covered all
citizens and non-citizens as
other lands came under
Roman rule
SECTION 3
The Roman
A c hi e v e m e nt
Connections to Today
 Accused person was presumed
innocent until proven guilty
 Accused could face the accuser and
offer a defense against the charge
against them
 Guilt has to be established with solid
evidence
 Judges interpreted the law and should
make fair decisions.
 However, penalties were dependent
on social class. The lower class citizens
were usually treated more harshly.
SECTION 3
The Roman
A c hi e v e m e nt
The Roman Empire Divides
At the end of Pax Romana, the
next 100 years were economically
tumultuous.
Emperors were continually
overthrown or assassinated.
SECTION 5
The Long
D e c l i ne
Social Problems
Pushed middle class into poverty
High Taxes
 To support military
Poor farmland
Emperors were overthrown
Emperors
Diocletian divided the empire into two
parts and appointed a co-emperor.
He fixed prices to stop inflation
Laws to force farmers to stay on the land
Sons had to follow in their father’s footsteps
284
ad
Emperors
Constantine
Talented general
313 ad
1 Granted tolerance to Christians
Changed the capital to
2
Constantinople
Connects Mediterranean to Black Sea
Invaders Threaten the Roman Empire
 Huns, from Asia, traveled into Europe and
fought battles
SECTION 5
The Long
D e c l i ne
 Romans were unable to fight off all invaders
and the Romans surrendered first to Britain,
France, and then Spain.
Invaders Threaten the Roman Empire
 Attila the Hun
 Savagely attacked lands throughout Europe
SECTION 5
The Long
D e c l i ne
Odacer a Germanic leader,
overthrew the Roman emperor,
and the “Fall of Rome”
476 ad
occurred.
Many Problems Cause Rome to Fall
 Invasions
Military legions lacked the discipline early
legions had. They were able to be defeated
Hired mercenaries, these foreign paid soldiers
had little loyalty to Rome
 Political Turmoil
Corrupt officials
Civil wars
 Economic Weakness
High Taxes
Farmers abandoned land and middle class
sank into poverty
 Social Decay
Patriotism began declining
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IS THE U.S. IN A SIMILAR
FALL?
High taxes
High cost of defense
 Continuous wars
New leaders draining economy
 Appease people to win favor
 Bread & Circus
Inflation
Great size became unmanageable
Sense of exceptionalism
Reliance on government help
Loss of patriotism