Download Muscles

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Compartment:
1-vertebral ;cervical vertebrae, postural muscles.
2-viscera;thyroid, parathyroid, larynx ,pharynx, trachea &
esophagus.
3-vessels,two common carotid, two internal& external
carotids+ two vagi& accessory nerves.
Three V.
M.C.Qs.
The neck compartment are 
all the following except one
sentence is wrong ? 
A-vertebral compartment. 
B –visceral compartment 
C-vessels compartment & 
trigeminal nerve.
D-vessels compartment with 
vagi.
.
Answer The neck compartment are all the following
except one
sentence is wrong ?
A-vertebral compartment.
B –visceralccompartment
vessels &trigeminal nerve
C-vessels compartment & trigeminal nerve.
D-vessels compartment
with vagi.
M.C.Qs.
The superior boundaries of the neck
including the following except one
wrong ?
A-inferior boundary of the mandible 
B- mastoid process 
C-highest nucheal line 
D-external occipital protuberance 

Answer
The superior boundaries of 
the neck including the
following except one wrong ?
A-inferior boundary of the 
mandible
B- mastoid process 
C-highest nucheal line 
D-external occipital 
protuberance
. The neck (L. collum, cervix) is the transitional
area between the head superiorly and the clavicles
inferiorly that joins the head to the trunk and
limbs.
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2. It serves as a major passage for structures passing between
them.
3. In addition, several important organs with unique functions
are located here: the larynx and the thyroid and parathyroid
glands, for example.
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M.C.Qs.
The innervations of the skin 
of neck including the
following which all are
correct except one is wrong?
A-greater auricular & lesser 
occipital nerves.
B-greater occipital& 
transverse cervical .
C-supraclavicular nerves 
&third occipital
D-transverse cervical 
&ophthalmic nerve
Answer
The innervations of the skin of neck including the following which
all are correct except one is wrong?
A-greater auricular & lesser occipital nerves.
B-greater occipital& transverse cervical .
C-supraclavicular nerves &third occipital
D-transverse cervical & ophalamic nerves
Superficial fascia and its contents
Platysma muscle:
muscle of depression of
mandible& gravity +other
muscles
Origin: skin of pectoral
region
Insertion: lower border of
the mandible and angle of
mouse
N.S: facial nerve
Action: depress angle of the
lips second branchial arche
Superficial veins
External jugular vein
Begin: just behind angle of the
mandible by union of
posterior auricular vein and
post.division of the
retromandibular vein
End: drain into subclavian
tributaries vein
1-Suprascapular &transverse
cervical
2. ant. Jugular vein
M.C..Qs.
The platysma muscle the following are correct except one
sentence is wrong?
A-it is origin from pectoral region
b- inserted to the lower border of the mandible.
C-innervated by facial nerve
d-it’ s action is elevation of the mandible.
Answer
The platysma muscle the following are correct except one sentence is
wrong?
A-it is origin from pectoral region
b- inserted to the lower border of the mandible.
C-innervated by facial nerve
d-it’ s action is elevation of the mandible.
M.C.Qs.
The external jagular vein is a vein of the neck it is uesd for 
intravenous infusion the following are true except one sentence?
A-it is formed by union of facial vein with anterior division of the
retromandibular vein.
B-it’ s blood reach to the heart 
C-The wall attached to the roof of the posterior triangle 
D-the tributeries are anterior jagular vein, transverse cervical 
&suprscapular veins.

Answer
The external jagular vein is a vein of the neck it is uesd for intravenous
infusion the following are true except one sentence?
A-it is formed by union of facial vein with anterior division of the
retromandibular vein.
B-it’ s blood reach to the heart
C-The wall attached to the roof of the posterior triangle
D-the tributeries are anterior jagular vein, transverse cervical
&suprscapular veins
Tributaries of E.J.V and ant. J.V.
M.C.Qs.





The previous picture showing the following are true
except one is wrong?
A-anterior jaguar veins
B-sternomastoid muscles
C-suprahyoid muscles
D- buccinator muscles.
Answer
The previous picture showing the following are true except one is wrong?
A-anterior jaguar veins
B-sternomastoid muscles
C-suprahyoid muscles
D- buccinator muscles.
Deep cervical fascia
Important notes
Layers of deep cervical fascia: investing layer,
pretracheal, prevertebral and carotid sheath
Investing layer of deep fascia encloses
sternomastoid and trapezius muscles
Contents of carotid sheath: CCA and ICA, IJV
and vagus nerve
M.C.Qs
The fascia of the neck showing the following are true except one sentence is wrong?
a- investing layer surrounding the sterrnocleidomastoid & trapezius.

b- the carotid sheath containing common carotid ,internal jugular vein & vagus nerve
c- the prevertebral fascia surrounding the prevertebral muscles.
. d- the pretracheal fascia does not ensheathing the thyroid gland .




Answer
The fascia of the neck showing the are true except one
sentence is wrong?
a- investing layer surrounding the sterrnocleidomastoid
& trapezius.
b- the carotid sheath containing common carotid
,internal jugular vein & vagus nerve
c- the prevertebral fascia surrounding the prevertebral
muscles.
. d- the pretracheal fascia does not ensheathing the
thyroid gland
Major
muscles of
the neck
Trapezius
Sternomastoid
muscle
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Recall of relevant structures
Lateral muscles of the neck
Sternomastoid muscle
Origin :
a) Sternal head: Rounded and tendinous from front of manubrium.
b) Clavicular head: Thin and fleshy from upper surface of med. ⅓ of
clavicle.
Insertion :
Mastoid process and lateral ⅓ of the superior nuchal line.
Action :
1- Unilateral contraction → directs the face to opposite side.
2- Bilateral contraction → tilt the head backwards.
Nerve Supply : → spinal accessory n.
* Injury to the muscle leads to it contracture and shortening → Torticollis.
The oblique position of the sternomastoid divides the side of the neck into
anterior and posterior triangle.
Sternomastoid muscle .origin, insertion, nerve supply & action
A note about the scalene muscles :
Scalenus anterior
Scalenus medius
Scalenus posterior
Origin : transverse processes of cervical vertebrae .
Insertion : first and second ribs .
Action :
1- Lateral flexion of neck .
2- Fixation of ribs during forced inspiration .
Nerve supply :
cervical and brachial plexuses .
. The subclavian vein passes infront the of scalenus anterior
. The subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass between scalenus anterior
and scalenus medius .
Muscluar triangles of the neck
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
BOUNDARIES
Trapezius muscle
Sternomastoid
muscle
clavicle
POSTERIOR
TRIANGLE
Boundaries:
- In front → Posterior border of sternomastoid m.
- Behind → Anterior border of trapezius m.
- Apex → Middle ⅓ of superior nuchal line.
- Base → Middle ⅓ of the clavicle.
Roof
- Skin.
- Superficial fascia.
- Deep (investing) fascia of the neck.
The superficial fascia of the posterior triangle contains the following :
(1) Platysma m. : (a subcutaneous m.)
(2) External Jugular vein
(3)The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
Floor: From upwards below :
a) Splenius capitis.
b) Levator scapulae.
c) Scalenus medius.
Posterior triangle, roof , floor, bounderies & contents
M.C.Qs.
True
The roof of the posterior triangle containing the following which is
except one structure ?
A-skin
b-fascia superficial& investing cervical fascia.
c- omohyoid muscle.
D-platysema muscle
Answer
The roof of the posterior triangle containing the following which is
correct except one structure ?
A-skin
b-fascia superficial& investing cervical fascia.
c- omohyoid muscle.
D-platysema
Arteries
Contents:
1- Third part of subclavian a.
2- Suprascapular a.
3- Superficial (or transverse) cervical a.
4- Occipital a. (near the apex).
Veins
5- Subclavian v., receiving its only tributary, the external jugular v.
Nerves
6- Roots and trunks of brachial plexus.
7- Spinal accessory n. (runs on levator scapulae).
L.Ns.
8- Occipital L.N. (at the apex with the occipital a.).
9- Supraclavicular L.N. (at base with the subclavian a.).
Ms.
10- Inferior belly of omohyoid .
Accessory nerve (Primarily a
motor nerve)
Formed from a cranial root emerging
from the medulla and a spinal root
arising from the superior region of
the spinal cord
The spinal root passes upward into
the cranium via the foramen magnum
The accessory nerve leaves the
cranium via the jugular foramen and
divided again into cranial root join the
vagus nerve and spinal root
Cranial root: Supplies fibers to the
larynx, pharynx, and soft palate
Spinal root: Innervates the trapezius
and sternocleidomastoid, which
move the head and neck
M.C.Qs
The accessory nerve showing the following are true except one
sentence is wrong ?
A- supply larynx& pharynx.
B-soft palate
C-spinal root supply sternomastoid &trapezius muscles
D-anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
Answer :
The accessory nerve showing the following are true except one
sentence is wrong ?
A- supply larynx& pharynx.
B-soft palate
C-spinal root supply sternomastoid &trapezius muscles
D-anterior belly of the digastric muscle
OMOHYOID MUSCLE
DIVISION OF POSTERIOR
TRIANGLE
Occipital triangle
Supra (sub)
clavicular
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
□ Boundaries :
• Anteriorly → Middle line of the neck.
• Posteriorly → Ant. border of sternomastoid.
• Base (above) → Lower border of mandible.
• Apex (below) → Suprasternal notch.
□ Roof:
1- Skin.
2- Superficial fascia (+ its contents).
3- Investing ( deep ) fascia.
Contents of the Superficial Fascia of the Roof:
a- Platysma muscle.
b- Transverse cervical n.
c- Anterior jugular v. : It is formed by the union of the submental veins → descends
in the superficial fascia near the middle line → pierces the deep fascia above the
sternum → passes deep to the sternomastoid → ends in the external jugular v. The
deep parts of both anterior jugular veins are connected together by jugular arch.
□ Subdivisions : 3 ½ triangles . See the table .
M.C.Qs.
The boundaries of the anterior triangle consisted of the following all
incorrect except one sentence is correct?
A-anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
B—anterior border of the sternomastoid muscle.
C-upper border of the mandible ;alveolar process
.D-inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
answer
The boundaries of the anterior triangle consisted of the following all
incorrect except one sentence is correct?
A-anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
B—anterior border of the sternomastoid muscle.
C-upper border of the mandible ;alveolar process
.D-inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
Muscle
Digastric muscle
DIGASTRIC MUSCLE
Origine
Insertion
Nerve supply
action
post. belly: Mastoid
process of temporal
bone
ant. belly:
Body of mandible
Intermediate tendon is
held to hyoid by fascial
sling
post. belly: facial nerve
ant belly: nerve to
mylohyoid
Depresses mandible or
elevates hyoid bone
Mylohyoid muscle
Muscle
Origine
Insertion
Nerve supply
action
Mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid line of body of
mandible
Body of hyoid bone and
fibrous raphe
Inferior alveolar nerve
Elevates floor of mouth
and hyoid bone or
depresses mandible
2- geniohyoid
3- stylohyoid muscles
Muscle
Origine
Insertion
Nerve supply
action
Geniohyoid
Genial tubercle of the
mandible
Body of hyoid bone
Hypoglossal nerve
Depresses mandible or
elevates hyoid bone
Styloyoid
Styloid process
Hyoid bone
Facial nerve with post.
Belly of digastric
Elevate hyoid bone
Inferior mental spine
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Hyoglossus
Recall of relevant structures
The suprahyoid muscles
the muscles of the floor of the mouth
Suprahyoid muscles
Muscle
Origine
Insertion
Nerve supply
action
Digastric muscle
post. belly: Mastoid
process of temporal bone
ant. belly:
Body of mandible
,digastric fossa
Intermediate tendon is
held to hyoid by fascial
sling
;2nd pharyngeal archpost.
belly: facial nerve
ant belly: nerve to
;mylohyoid
First pharyngeal arche
Depresses mandible or
elevates hyoid bone
Mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid line of body of
mandible
Body of hyoid bone and
fibrous raphe
, nerve to mylohyoid from
Inferior alveolar nerve
Elevates floor of mouth
and hyoid bone or
depresses mandible
Hyoglossus muscle
Hyoid bone
Post. ½ of the side of the
tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
Draw the tongue
downwards and help
suckling
Genoglossus
Geniohyoid
Upper genial tubercle
Genial tubercle of the
mandible
Anterior part of the
tongue
Body of hyoid bone
Hypoglossal nerve
C1 via Hypoglossal nerve
Protrude the tongue.
Depresses mandible or
elevates hyoid bone
Styloyoid
Styloid process
Hyoid bone
Facial nerve with post.
Belly of digastric
Elevate hyoid bone
Recall of relevant structures
External muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus muscle
M.C.Qs
Suddivisions
of
ANTERIOR
TRIANGLE
Enumerate main contents of
submandibular (digastric) triangule
and give short account on one of
them
Muscles: suprahyoid muscles (mylohyoid
muscle), geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric
and hyoglossus muscles
Glands: submandibular salivary glands & L.N.
Nerves: nerve to mylo-hyoid muscle, hypoglossal
nerves and Submandibular ganglion
Vessels: facial artery& vein
Other structure deep to
diaphragma oris (mylohyoid
muscle)
Muscles:
geniohyoid,
hyoglossus muscles
genioglossus
Glands:
deep part of submandibular gland&Sublingual salivary
gland
Nerves:
Submandibular ganglion
Lingual nerve
Vessels:
lingual vessels
Facial vessels
Submandibular ganglion
Lingual nerve
Sublingual salivary gland
Hypoglossal nerve
Lingual vessels
Nerve to mylohyoid muscle
Submandibular salivary gland
As regard the mylohyoid muscle there is one true sentence ?
A-two salivary gland above three below.
B-innervated by facial.
C-forming the diaphragma oris
D-digastric muscle lying above.
As regard the mylohyoid muscle there is one true sentence ?
A-two salivary gland above three below.
B-innervated by facial.
C-forming the diaphragma oris
d-digastric muscle lying above or deep to the mylohyoid muscle
suprahyoid muscles
Muscle
Origine
Insertion
Nerve supply
action
Digastric muscle
post. belly: Mastoid
process of temporal
bone
ant. belly:
Body of mandible
Intermediate tendon is
held to hyoid by fascial
sling
post. belly: facial nerve
ant belly: nerve to
mylohyoid
Depresses mandible or
elevates hyoid bone
Mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid line of body
of mandible
Body of hyoid bone and
fibrous raphe
Inferior alveolar nerve
Elevates floor of mouth
and hyoid bone or
depresses mandible
Hyoglossus muscle
Hyoid bone
Post. ½ of the side of the
tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
Draw the tongue
downwards and help
suckling
Geniohyoid
Genial tubercle of the
mandible
Body of hyoid bone
Hypoglossal nerve
Depresses mandible or
elevates hyoid bone
Styloyoid
Styloid process
Hyoid bone
Facial nerve with post.
Belly of digastric
Elevate hyoid bone
Enumerate main contents of
carotid triangule and give short
account on one of them
? Carotid sheath: CCA, ICA, IJV and vagus
nerve
External carotid artery
Hypoglossal nerve
Ansa cervicalis
Sympathetic trunk
The ansa cervicalis lying over the carotid sheath.
Mention the contents of the carotid sheath?
ANSA CERVICALIS
• It is a nervous loop situated in front of the
carotid sheath.
• It is formed by union of 2 limbs :
A) Superior limb : Descending from the
hypoglossal n. and containing fibers of C1 spinal
nerve .
B) Inferior limb : From C2 and C3 spinal nerves .
• Branches : arise from the tip → supply all
infrahyoid muscles (near their lower ends)
except thyrohyoid.innervated by C1 via
hypoglossal nerve.
M.C.Qs.
As regards the ansa cervicalis showing the following all correct except
a-formed by two loops.
B-innervate the infrahyoid muscle except the thyrohyoid muscle.
C-it is inside the corotid sheath.
D-Its root value c1 -3
Answer
As regards the ansa cervicalis showing the following all correct except
a-formed by two loops.
B-innervate the infrahyoid muscle except the thyrohyoid muscle.
C-it is inside the corotid sheath.
D-Its root value c1 -3
Enumerate main contents of
muscular triangule and give short
account on one of them
Infra hyoid muscles
M.C.Qs.
The following sentence all are correct except one is incorrect?
A- the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis c1-3.
b-depress the hyoid bone down.
C-the omohyoid muscle make the roof of the posterior triangle tight
so help the internal jagular vein open(patency).
D-the thyrohyoid muscle inverted directly from the ansa cervicalis
The following sentence are correct except one sentence is incorret
a-the infrahyoid muscles innervated by anasa cervicalis
b- all infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid bone.
C-the omohyoid muscle make the roof of the posterior triangle tight so help
the internal jagular vein open(patency).
D-the thyrohyoid muscle inverted directly from the ansa cervicalis
Enumerate main contents of
submental triangule and give
short account on one of them
Submental LN
Anterior jugular vein