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TN STANDARD 7.44 AND 7.43 Renaissance = “Rebirth” How did Western Europe gain “new” knowledge leading to the Renaissance? Western Europe gained new knowledge about the study of ancient Roman and Greek Works from the 1. Moorish Scholars 2. Crusaders who came into contact with Muslim scholars Renaissance Began in Florence, Italy Medici Family Banking family Ruled the Florence CityState Florence considered the Epicenter of the Renaissance (The birth place of the Renaissance) Renaissance (TN Standard 7.48 & 7.53) Challenged accepted beliefs focused on art and culture IMPORTANT PEOPLE Michelangelo – artist, sculptor • The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel • The statue “David” Leonardo da Vinci- artist, inventor, scientist • Mona Lisa, The Last Super Johann Gutenberg- invented the printing press • helped spread ideas quickly • Made books available to more people • Catholic Church upset that Bibles being printed into the vernacular (everyday language) William Shakespeare – author, poet, playwright • Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet Renaissance Leads to Reforms (TN Standard 7.46) • Humanism - system of values and beliefs that is based on the idea that people are basically good and that problems can be solved using reason instead of religion; focus of the individual • During this time people became more secular - focused on this world instead of getting into heaven • Humanist believed that faith and science went hand in hand Reformation Begins (TN Standard 7.55 & 7.50) Challenged accepted beliefs of the Catholic Church Many Kings and Princes supported the Protestant Movement because it gave them more power and took power away from the Pope. Protestantism – Christian religions not Catholic IMPORTANT PEOPLE • Martin Luther – 95 Thesis starts the Reformation (Lutheran) • John Calvin – Calvinism – Predestination • Desiderius Erasmus - criticized the Catholic Church – wrote The Praise of Folly • William Tyndale - Translated the Bible into English • Henry VIII – Created the Church of England with The Act of Supremacy - Made the king the head of a new church in England Scientific Revolution (TN Standard 7.60) • Challenged accepted beliefs about the world and nature • Heliocentric Theory of the Universe Copernicus believed that the sun not the Earth was the center of the universe. • The church favored the Geocentric or earth centered theory by Aristotle and Ptolemy • Moorish scholars laid the foundation for medical books • Galileo – Father of Modern Science • Isaac Newton - developed the Three Laws of Motion and the concept of gravity • René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Dubbed the father of modern western philosophy • Johannes Kepler - German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer, best known for his laws of planetary motion TN Standard 7.59 The Moorish Scholars laid the foundation for algebra and wrote medical books that were used throughout Europe during the Scientific Revolution. • The Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution all challenged accepted beliefs at that time.