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US TV Primetime News prefer stereotypes: Muslims framed mostly as criminals News Analysis of U.S. TV news and international business papers 2007-2013 Exclusive Study celebrating 20 years ACMCU Georgetown University - Coverage of Islam dropped after 2010 - Tonality deteriorated and reached a new low in 2013 - Islam is primarily shown as source of violence - US TV worse than BBC or other international Networks Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013 2 Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013 Visibility of Islam on ABC, CBS and NBC news Islam less prominent on U.S. TV screens 1 600 Number of reports about Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Over the last three years coverage of Islam, Muslims and Islamic organizations has decreased notably, as U.S. troops have left Iraq and the retreat from Afghanistan has as well led to a lower level of involvement. Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news 3 Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013 Tone of coverage of Islam on ABC, CBS and NBC news But the tone became more negative 0% -10% Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% -90% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Less coverage generally very often leads to more negativity as the awareness of journalists for positive aspects decreases. Bad news on the other side regularly has a higher news value – especially for TV journalists. Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news 4 Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013 Salience of the U.S. as location on reports about Islam on ABC, CBS and NBC news Domestic perspective fades after 2010 35% Share of all reports about Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations focusing on the U.S. 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Even more striking is the decreasing trend concerning the coverage of American Muslims. The Boston bombings thus did not generate more coverage of Islam in the U.S. on ABC, CBS and NBC news. Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news 5 Islam on U.S. TV news 4/2007-10/2013 Tone of coverage of Islam with regard to the U.S. on ABC, CBS and NBC news Coverage of American Muslims gets worse and worse 0% -10% Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 In a domestic perspective the decreasing media interest in Islam is even more damaging. The tone of coverage of Muslims with regards to the U.S. hit another low in 2013. On balance three in four reports painted a negative image. Basis: 6,985 reports (at least 5 lines) on ABC, CBS and NBC news 6 Islam on international TV news, 2007-2013 Tone of coverage of Islam in domestic coverage: U.S., UK, Germany, Switzerland Far away from balanced news – Swiss Muslims don’t show up 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% -90% -100% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% -90% -100% Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% -90% -100% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% -80% -90% -100% 2007 2008 2009 Basis: 921 / 2,517 / 1,750 / 637 reports 2010 2011 2012 2013 7 Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013 8 Islam on U.S. TV news 1-10/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of religions on CBS, NBC and FOX news More coverage of Christianity than usual Judaism 1% other 2% Christianity Islam Christianity 47% Islam 50% Judaism other 0% 20% negative 40% 60% no clear tone 80% 100% positive The change at the helm of the Catholic Church drove coverage of Christianity in 2013. But Islam nevertheless continued to dominate coverage of religion on U.S. TV news. There were barely any positive news about Muslims at all. Basis: 43,873 reports (at least 5 lines) about protagonists on CBS, NBC and FOX news / 1,443 about religious protagonists 9 Islam on U.S. TV news 1-10/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam on CBS, NBC and FOX news FOX took a less negative stance than the networks FOX FOX CBS CBS NBC Number of reports about Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations NBC 0 100 200 300 0% 400 negative 20% 40% 60% no clear tone 80% 100% positive The comparison of the three programs of FOX, CBS and NBC is skewed by the different duration of the shows. Nevertheless, FOX news showed a less marked focus on bad news about Muslims than CBS and NBC. Basis: 716 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists on CBS, NBC and FOX news 10 Islam on U.S. TV news 1-10/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam on CBS, NBC and FOX news: Topics and protagonists Terrorists shape the image of Islam International terrorism International conflicts Political unrest Domestic terrorism Civil war Role in organization Religious terrorism Scandals Social unrest Rel. w. state Court cases Air strikes Domestic security Rel. w. society Domestic policy Al-Qaeda Morsy Muslim Brotherhood Taliban Islamic Armed Groups Muslims in general Islam in general Islamic fundamentalists Shias Sunnis Islamic organizations in general Al-Nusra 0 negative 50 100 no clear tone 150 200 positive 0 negative 100 no clear tone 200 300 positive For years Islam has been portrayed as a security risk in the first line. Religious life, Islamic holidays or the social role of Muslims did not rank among the top issues in the news about Islam. Basis: 716 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists on CBS, NBC and FOX news 11 Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013 12 Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of religions Business papers show a more balanced attitude towards Islam Judaism 1% other 4% Christianity Islam Christianity 29% Judaism Islam 66% other 0% negative 20% 40% 60% no clear tone 80% 100% positive Three leading business papers from the UK, the U.S. and France focused even more strongly on Islam the TV news – although the elections of Pope Francis took place during the period of analysis. Basis: 359,729 reports (at least 5 lines) about protagonists / 3,002 about religious protagonists 13 Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam in comparison WSJ has a much stronger focus on Islam than other papers WSJ WSJ Number of reports about Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations FT FT Les Echos Les Echos 0% 0 500 1 000 1 500 negative 20% 40% 60% no clear tone 80% 100% positive While FT and Les Echos devoted only limited coverage to Muslims and Islam, the WSJ covered Islam in more depth. Although negativity was not as marked as on TV, coverage of Islam was characterized by a lack of good news as well. Basis: 1.510 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists 14 Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam in comparison Egyptian crisis drove reporting in 2013 300 Number of reports about Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations 0% Tone of coverage of Muslims, Muslim religious leaders and Muslim organizations -5% 250 -10% 200 -15% 150 -20% -25% 100 -30% 50 -35% 0 -40% Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Reporting about Islam soared since the beginning of 2013 when the events in Egypt became more critical. The disappointment about the end of the “Arab Spring” and rising fears about a jihadist involvement in Syria shaped reporting. Basis: 1.510 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists 15 Islam in FT, WSJ and Les Echos, 7/2012-6/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of Islam in comparison: Topics and protagonists Religious and social life widely absent from the reports Terrorism International conflicts Organizations: Operations PR/Image Research Rel. W. other religions Assassinations International terrorism Finances Organizations: Research Civil war Rel. W. politicians Domestic policy Political unrest Pol. Parties: Internal affairs Religion in general Religious terrorism Role in organization Al-Qaeda Taliban Morsy Muslim Brotherhood Muslims in general Shias Sunnis Sunni groups Muslim organisations in general Al-Nusra Shia groups Boko Haram Fundamentalists Islam in general Salafist Jihadists 0 negative 50 100 no clear tone 150 200 positive 250 0 negative 100 200 300 400 500 no clear tone positive While the WSJ offers at least some space to the views of Islamic organizations, overall coverage of the Muslim World has been determined by the security perspective as well. The business papers reported Al-Qaeda and the Taliban as a resurging force. Basis: 1.510 reports (at least 5 lines) about Muslim protagonists 16 Islam on U.S. TV: The long-term view 2007-2013 Islam on U.S. TV.: Details 2013 Islam in international business papers 2012/2013 The Catholic Church on international TV news 2013 17 The Catholic Church on German, UK and U.S. TV, 1-10/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of the Catholic Church in comparison German TV devotes more time to the Catholic Church Germany Germany US Number of reports about Catholic protagonists US UK UK 0% 0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 negative 20% 40% 60% no clear tone 80% 100% positive German TV focuses more intensively on the resignation of the German Pope, but the new scandal involving the Bishop of the German diocese of Limburg generated as well a string of bad news. Basis: 3,203 reports about Catholic protagonists 18 The Catholic Church on German, UK and U.S. TV, 1-10/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of the Catholic Church: Timeline The charisma of Pope Francis is not sufficient 1 400 30% Number of reports Tone of coverage of Catholic protagonists 20% 1 200 10% 1 000 0% -10% 800 -20% 600 -30% -40% 400 -50% 200 -60% 0 -70% Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 The Catholic Church still did not manage to develop a sustainable media presence on TV screens. After the election of Pope Francis coverage dropped dramatically – and rose only in Autumn when another scandal broke. Basis: 3,203 reports about Catholic protagonists 19 The Catholic Church on German, UK and U.S. TV, 1-10/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of Catholic Church in comparison: Topics and protagonists The organization remains under pressure Leadership of the Church Role in the Church Administration Religion in general Religious practice Scandals Rel. W. society Image Personality Resignation Holidays Reputation Rel. Doctrine Pol. Investigation Finances Pope Francis Vatican Catholic Church Pope Benedict Catholics Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst Diocesis of Linburg German Bishop's Conference Catholicism Robert Zollitsch Timothy Dolan Keefe O'Brien Federico Lombardi John Paul II. 0 negative 100 200 300 400 500 600 no clear tone positive 0 negative 200 no clear tone 400 600 800 positive Not only the new Pope, but as well the outgoing Pope were covered rather positively, as were the Catholic faithful. But the image of the Catholic Church suffered especially in Germany from the scandal around the “Bling-bling Bishop” of Limburg. Basis: 3,203 reports about Catholic protagonists 20 Religious leaders on U.S., UK and German TV news, 1-10/2013 Visibility and tone of coverage of Catholic and Muslim religious leaders Muslim leaders remain no-names Pope Francis Pope Benedict Bischop Tebartz-van Elst Bishop Zollitsch Archbishop O'Brien Archbishop Dolan Federico Lombardi Pope John Paul II Archbishop Scola Archbishop Meisner Archbishop O'Malley Archbishop Mahony Archbishop Marx Archbishop Scherer Father Thomas Rosica Mohammed Morsi Ayatollah Khomeini Mohamed el-Beltagy Gehad El Haddad Anwar Al-Awlaki Adnan Rasheed Mona Al Qazzaz Saeed Abedini Pierre Vogel Julie Siddiqi Muhammad Tahirul Qadri Mullah Nazir Ibrahim Habib Mahmoud Ezzat Kamal el-Helbawy Abdullah bin Bayyah Naseem Bajwa Mohammed Bader Mullah Aziz Mohammed al-Buti Mohammed al-Tayeb Rahman al-Barr Riaz Ahmed Shams Ad-Duha Muhammad George Abu Zakhem 0 negative 200 400 no clear tone 600 800 positive 0 negative 200 no clear tone 400 600 800 positive A great host of Muslim leaders is mentioned in the news, but none of them reached significant coverage in Western news programs – apart from the political leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Basis: 1,608 reports about religious leaders in 12 U.S., UK and German TV news programs 21 What you do know about Pisa: 22 And what is really there: 23 Simon-Kucher & Partners: World market leaders 2000 little known world market leaders Hidden Champions – where are they based? 24