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U.S. History Chapter 10 The Reality of Neutrality: Examining the Causes of the War of 1812 The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. -George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 During his farewell address to the nation, President George Washington warned the nation against forming permanent alliances with foreign nations. He believed that the United States should remain neutral. In 1797, John Adams became the nation’s second president and he would soon be forced to consider Washington’s advice. France and Great Britain were still at war with each other. The United States did not give military support to either side, but the U.S. did continue to trade with both countries. During Adams first year in office the French seized American merchant ships to prevent them from trading with Great Britain. Many Americans urged President Adams to declare war with France, but he did not. Adams and France reached a peaceful settlement in 1800. The same year that Thomas Jefferson was elected as the nation’s 3rd president. Write a sentence summarizing the main idea of the paragraph in 13 words or less: ________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Jefferson was right, everyone should be friends!!! When Jefferson took office in 1801, he wanted to focus on domestic issues. Jefferson believed that the issues facing Americans at home were more important than the issues taking place in foreign countries. In his inaugural address, Jefferson stated that he would seek the friendship of all nations, but would enter “entangling alliances with none.” Jefferson believed that it would be easy for the United States to isolate itself from the problems in Europe and Africa because of the ocean that separated the U.S. from the rest of the world. However, the United States was involved in trade relationships with many European and African nations. This fact made it very difficult for the United States to be “friends with every nation.” Write a sentence summarizing the main idea of the paragraph in 12 words or less: ________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ The war between France and Great Britain began in 1793 (sometimes referred to as the Great French War). In some ways the United States benefited from the on-going conflict (i.e. the Louisiana Purchase, increased need for trade in Europe). However, the French-British war also created problems for the United States. France did not want the U.S. to trade with Great Britain and the British did not want the U.S. to trade with the French. The British began interfering with American trade ships. Write a sentence summarizing the main idea of the paragraph in 10 words or less: ________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ In 1803 the British enacted a policy of impressment (the kidnapping of American sailors). Between 1803 and 1812, it’s estimated that the British kidnapped 6,000 Americans (forcing them to work on British ships). In 1807, after a British ship attacked an American naval vessel, Americans wanted President Jefferson to declare war on the British. Write a sentence summarizing the main idea of the paragraph in 8 words or less: ________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ American settlers living in the West also wanted Jefferson to declare war on Great Britain. After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native Americans continued to lose land. Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief, called on different tribes to unite as one to fight against the American settlers invading their tribal land. The British, still angry over losing the 13 original colonies, supported the Native Americans by giving them weapons and supplies. Tecumseh was defeated in the Battle of Tippecanoe, but the British allowed him to retreat to Canada and regroup. Westerners demanded that the United States do something to stop the British support of Native Americans. The westerners who pressured Jefferson to declare war on Great Britain became known as War Hawks. Write a sentence summarizing the main idea of the paragraph in 10 words or less: ________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Jefferson did not want to declare war on Great Britain. Jefferson wanted to use peaceable coercion (the practice of forcing someone to act in a certain way by using pressure and threats). Jefferson knew that Great Britain depended on the goods it imported from the U.S. and the money it made from selling products to Americans. Jefferson thought that he could force Great Britain to stop kidnapping American sailors and seizing American ships if he cut off all trade with the country. In 1807 Congress passed the Embargo Act. The act made it illegal for American ships to sail to foreign ports. It also closed American ports to British vessels. Write a sentence summarizing the main idea of the paragraph in 10 words or less: ________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ The Embargo Act proved to be a disastrous failure. It hurt the United States far more than it hurt Great Britain. Southern and western farmers lost money because they could not sell their cotton, tobacco and grain to Great Britain. Northern merchants lost money because of the restrictions placed on ships. Attempts at a peaceful resolution had failed. On June 18, 1812, with the support of President James Madison, Congress declared war on Great Britain (marking the beginning of the War of 1812). Write a sentence summarizing the main idea of the paragraph in 10 words or less: ________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Name: US History Date: Core: The Reality of Neutrality: Reflections on the Causes of the War of 1812 Directions: Use the reading from today’s class (Reality of Neutrality… handout) to answer the following questions. Fact Check… 1. True or False. In his farewell address, George Washington encouraged the United States to become involved in world affairs (specifically the politics of Europe). Washington believed this would help the United States become a super power. I think that this statement is ___________________ (true or false) because in the text it says: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which of the following best describes the meaning of the word “d domestic” in paragraph 2? a. Dome-like, spherical b. Economically dangerous c. Relating to foreign matters d. Relating to matters at home 3. True or False. France and Great Britain both respectful of the United States’ decision not to get involved in their war. I think that this statement is ___________________ (true or false) because in the text it says: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is “iimpressment”: __________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What was the Embargo Act and was it a success or failure? _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Reader Response. 1. Briefly summarize today’s reading. Remember to…. Begin by stating the main idea of the text (paraphrase) Paraphrase the major details from the text Leave out all of the minor details Follow the structure of the original text Conclude with a thoughtful statement about the main idea of the text ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Summary Scoring Rubric 4 Advanced Shows a deep understanding of the main idea of the text All major details are included and paraphrased Structure of summary mirrors the structure of the text Omits minor details and unnecessary opinions Concludes with a statement that deeply connects to the main idea 3 Proficient Shows a clear understanding of the main idea of the text Most major details are included and paraphrased Structure of the summary is very similar to the structure of the text Contains no/few minor details and unnecessary opinions Concludes with a statement that clearly connects to the main idea 2 Developing Shows a basic understanding of the main idea of the text Some major details are included (may be in author’s words) Structure of the summary is somewhat similar to the structure of the text Some minor details and irrelevant opinions included Concludes with a statement that somewhat connects to the main idea 1 Beginning Shows little/no understanding of the main idea of the text Few major details are included and/or may be inaccurate Ideas in summary not presented in the same format as the text Includes many minor details and unnecessary opinions Conclusion is missing or does not connect to main idea