Download Molecules That Make Up Cells

The Organization of Living Things
RARE HOG
• Reproduction - Organisms reproduce to ensure diversity and
keep species going
• Adaptation - Camouflage, Fur, Speed, Agility
• Response to Stimuli – Go under a rock to remain cool
• Energy Usage – Eating food
• Homeostasis – Sweating; things moving in and out of cells
• Organized by Cells – humans are made of multiple cells
• Growth and Development – An embryo grows and the cells
work together to become more complex tissues
Organization
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Atoms
Molecules
Atoms, Molecules, Compounds
• Atom – small unit that makes up all living and
non – living things ( Oxygen, Carbon,
Hydrogen)
• Molecule – More than one atom (can be the
same) (Oxygen, Nitrogen, Water)
• Compound – More than on atom (different
atoms) (Water, Salts, Carbohydrates)
Molecules That Make Up Cells
1. Water
• Water is one of the most important molecules in
your body.
• Water makes up about 2/3 of your body and plays
many important roles in cells.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
• Because of the way the hydrogen and oxygen come
together to make water, the molecule has a charge.
• When something has a charge, it is called polar.
Water Is polar.
• Anything that is polar will dissolve in water.
• Anything non polar will not dissolve in water
• Things that dissolve in water are called
hydrophilic.
• Things that do not dissolve in water (repel
water) are called hydrophobic.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
2. Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are molecules made of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. Sugars and starches are
carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates store energy.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
3. Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids are very long molecules made of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
phosphorous.
• Nucleic Acids store important
information for the cell.
• 2 main kinds: DNA and RNA
– DNA directs cell activities.
– RNA is the directions to make proteins
Molecules That Make Up Cells
4. Lipids
• Lipids are made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
• Fats, oils and waxes are all lipids, and they do not
mix with water.
• Your cells use lipids to make membranes and store
e
energy.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
5. Proteins
• Proteins are one of the most important molecules in
your cells. They aid in cell structure, form different
cell parts, and perform many important functions for
the cell.
Molecules That Make Up Cells
5. Proteins
• Proteins are made of long chains of carbon hydrogen
oxygen and nitrogen.
• Because of the complex way these chains fold up, a
protein may have one part that dissolves in water,
while another part of the same protein does not
dissolve.
The Food You Eat
• Think of the food as the building blocks. Each
molecule of food is broken down by the
digestive system and later re-arranged by each
cell to build stuff your cells need.
Nerve, Fat, Blood, Bone
Cells
Tissues
Bone
Muscle
Skin
Organs
Heart
Brain
Bone
Lungs
Organ System
Nervous
Muscular
Circulatory
Skeletal
Organism
Muscular
• Maintains posture and produces movement
(locomotion). Produces heat.
• (skeletal muscles)
Digestive
– Breaks down food to be absorbed and eliminates
indigestible waste.
– (oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus)
Circulatory/Cardivascular
• The heart pumps blood and blood vessels
transport it. Blood carries oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients, waste and more
throughout the body.
• (heart, blood vessels)
Respiratory
• Removes carbon dioxide and continually
supplies blood with oxygen. Gaseous
exchanges occur in the respiratory system
(lungs).
• (nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchus, lung)
Urinary
• Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
Regulates acid-base, electrolyte and WATER
balance of blood.
• (kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra)
Nervous
• Control system of the body, responds to
internal and external changes, activates
muscles and glands.
• (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
Skeletal
• Supports and protects the body’s organs.
Provides a framework muscles use
(movement). Bones also store minerals and
create blood cells.
• (bones, joints)
Reproductive
• The main function of the reproductive system is to produce
offspring. Sex hormone and sperm are produced by the male testes.
Male ducts and glands help deliver the sperm.
• Ovaries produce female sex hormones and eggs. Other female
reproductive structures serve as sites of fertilization and
development. For instance, the mammary glands produce milk for
the newborn.
• MALE (prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens)
• FEMALE (Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube)
Integumentary
• Forms the external body covering and protects
deeper tissues from injury. Houses cutaneous
receptors, sweat glands, oil glands, and
synthesizes vitamin D.
• (skin, hair, nails)