Download Kaan Yücel MD, Ph.D. 24. September 2013 Tuesday

Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.
24. September 2013 Tuesday
topographical anatomy
organization of the human body as
major parts or segments
Head
Neck
Trunk
thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum
Upper limbs & lower limbs
Anterior aspect of the leg
Diaphragm divides body cavity into thoracic & abdominopelvic
cavities.
Mediastinum contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except
the lungs.
Ventral Body Cavity Membranes
Parietal serosa lines internal body walls.
Visceral serosa covers the internal organs.
Cavity between two membranes filled with lubricating serous
fluid that is produced by the membranes.
Serous Membranes: Named for Their Specific Cavities& Organs
Pericardium refers to heart.
Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity.
Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity.
Other Body Cavities
Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs
Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose
Orbital – house the eyes
Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations
Synovial – joint cavities
Head & neck
Upper limb
Thorax
Abdomen
Back
Pelvis & Perineum
Lower limb
Neurocranium
Skeleton of the face
transitional area between base of the cranium superiorly clavicles inferiorly
joins the head to the trunk and limbs
major conduit for structures passing between them.
several important organs with unique functions located here
shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand
Shoulder
area of upper limb attachment to trunk
Arm
between shoulder & elbow joint
Forearm
between elbow joint & wrist joint
Hand
distal to the wrist joint
proximal segment of the limb
overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck
Bone framework of the shoulder
clavicle and scapula, form the pectoral girdle (shoulder
girdle); proximal end of the humerus
overlies half of the pectoral girdle.
pectoral (shoulder) girdle
a bony ring
formed by scapulae and clavicles
completed anteriorly by the upper part of the sternum
area of transition between the neck and the arm
Formed by
Clavicle
Scapula
Upper thoracic wall
Humerus
Related muscles
Arm
first segment of the free upper limb
between shoulder & elbow
Humerus
Forearm
second longest segment of the limb
between elbow & wrist (L. carpus)
Radius & Ulna
Hand
L. manus
part of the upper limb distal to the forearm
Wrist
Palm
Dorsum of hand
Digits (fingers)
between the neck and abdomen
.
forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage
protects the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs.
12 pairs of ribs & associated costal cartilages
12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs
Sternum
between thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet)
organs of the alimentary
system and part of the
urogenital system
Containment of the
abdominal organs and their
contents
provided by
musculoaponeurotic walls
anterolaterally, diaphragm
superiorly, muscles of the
pelvis inferiorly
posterior aspect of the body
provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk.
Bony elements
mainly vertebrae
+ proximal elements of the ribs
+ superior aspects of the pelvic bones
+ posterior basal regions of the skull
spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves
send and receive information to and from most of the body.
from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm
part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen
area of transition between trunk & lower limbs
pelvic cavity
inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity
between the sex organs and the anus
Pelvis surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis)
formed by three bones
Right and left hip bones (coxal bones; pelvic bones)
fusion of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis
Sacrum
connects the vertebral column to the two femora
Gluteal region
between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold)
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Ankle
Foot
transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs
between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally
knee region distally
most of the femur (thigh bone)
distal femur and proximal tibia
head of the fibula
patella (knee cap
joints between these bony structures
posterior region of the knee (L. poples)
popliteal fossa
Leg region
between knee joint & ankle joint
most of the tibia (shin bone)
fibula (calf bone)
Ankle region
(L. tarsus)
talocrural region (L. regio talocruralis)
Foot
(L. pes) or foot region (L. regio pedis)
distal part of the lower limb