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Chapter 1
Introduction to Imaging and
Radiologic Sciences
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Objectives
1. Explain the use of radiation in medicine.
2. Provide an overview of the history of
medicine.
3. Describe the discovery of x-rays.
4. Define terms related to radiologic
technology.
5. Explain the career opportunities within the
profession of radiologic technology.
6. Identify the various specialties within a
radiology department.
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Objectives
7. Describe the typical responsibilities of the
members of the radiology team.
8. Explain the career-ladder opportunities
within a radiology department.
9. Discuss the roles of other members of the
health care team.
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Medical Radiation Sciences
• Medical radiation sciences uses energy to
create images of the human body.
• Various energy forms may be used
depending on the application.
• Some energies create ionizations in
human tissue.
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Energy Forms for Imaging
• Sound
– Medical sonography
• Electrical
– Electrocardiography
• Heat (thermal)
– Thermography
• Magnetic
– Magnetic resonance
imaging
• Electromagnetic
– X-rays
– Radio waves
• Nuclear
– Gamma radiation
FIG. 1-4 The first radiograph was an image of Wilhelm Röntgen’s wife’s hand.
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Electromagnetic Energy Plays a Very
Important Role in Radiologic Sciences
FIG. 1-1 The electromagnetic spectrum.
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Radiography
• Uses
electromagnetic
energy in the
form of x-rays
to create
medical images
FIG. 1-5 A radiographer positions a patient for a radiographic
examination. (Courtesy Philips Medical Systems.)
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Medical Sonography
• Uses high-frequency
sound energy to
create medical
images
• Does not create
ionizations
• Has wide variety of
medical applications
FIG. 1-10 A diagnostic medical sonographer uses high-frequency
sound waves to create images. (Courtesy Philips Medical Systems.)
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Uses the energy of
high-strength
magnetic fields and
radio waves to create
images of the human
body
• Creates no
ionizations
FIG. 1-11 A magnetic resonance imaging technologist uses electromagnetics,
specifically radio waves and magnetism, to create diagnostic sectional images
of the body. (Courtesy Philips Medical Systems.)
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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CT Scanning
• Uses x-ray energy
and sophisticated
software to create
images of the human
body
FIG. 1-9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray
system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body. (Courtesy Philips
Medical Systems.)
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Nuclear Medicine
• Uses the energy of
the atom to create
medical images
• Energy form is
gamma radiation
• Uses radioactive
isotopes to create
gamma radiation
FIG. 1-7 A nuclear medicine technologist performs procedures requiring the
use of radioactive substances. (Courtesy Philips Medical Systems.)
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Cardiovascular Interventional Imaging
• Uses x-rays to
visualize human
blood vessels and
heart anatomy
• Requires the use of a
catheter and the
injection of x-ray
contrast material to
visualize anatomy
FIG. 1-6 A physician performs a cardiovascular interventional procedure
in a vascular suite, which may be located in the cardiology, radiology, or
surgery department. (Courtesy Philips Medical Systems.)
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Radiation Therapy
• Uses very–highenergy ionizing
radiation to treat
malignant tumors
(cancer)
• Radiation therapists
work with other team
members to improve
the quality of life of
cancer patients
FIG. 1-8 A radiation therapist administers radiation treatments to patients with
lesions. A radiation therapist is using a specialized oncology computed
tomography unit to perform initial treatment-planning studies on a patient.
(Courtesy Philips Medical Systems.)
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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History of Radiology
• Discovered by
Wilhelm C. Röngten
• November 8, 1995
• Received Nobel Prize
in Physics in 1901
• First known x-ray
image is of wife’s
hand
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Radiologic Sciences as a Career
• Offers a wide variety of career paths
• Often begins with a general radiography
background
• Specialty areas require additional
education and certification
• Career opportunities are nearly limitless
and demand initiative and a desire for
professional success
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Career Opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Radiography
CT Scanning
Medical Sonography
Radiation Therapy
MRI Scanning
Mammography
DEXA Scanning
Radiologist Assistant
Nuclear Medicine
• Cardiovascular
Interventional
Technology
• PACS Administrator
• Radiology
Administration
• Education
• Research
• Commercial Firms
– Sales
– Applications
– Service
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Radiology
• Can be referred to by a number of different
names
–
–
–
–
–
–
Radiology
X-ray
Medical imaging
Diagnostic services
Imaging services
Imaging
• Predominantly a diagnostic service that
focuses on imaging of patients to diagnosis
their medical condition
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Health Care Team
• Team members:
–
–
–
–
Physicians
Nurses
Allied health
Supporting members
• Nonclinical
• Most health careers are referred to as allied
health
• Hospitals are communities within communities
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Conclusion
• X-rays were discovered by W.C. Röngten in
1895.
• Medical imaging consists of many diagnostic
areas involving energy, and particularly, radiant
energy.
• Radiologic sciences professionals perform as
essential members of a healthcare team.
• Career opportunities are nearly limitless and
demand initiative and a desire for professional
success.
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1997, 1991, 1984, 1979 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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