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Chapter 9 Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System Structure and Function Tongue, salivary glands, parotid glands Pharynx Esophagus Stomach (fundus, body) Pylorus (pyloric sphincter) Liver, gallbladder Pancreas Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 Structure and Function Small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) Large intestines (colon – Appendix, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending) Rectum Anus Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Terms Peristalsis Bile Regurgitate Prolapse Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Common Signs and Symptoms of GI disease or disorder Vomiting Diarrhea Constipation Hemorrhoids Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Signs and Symptoms Stomatitis – rednesss, ulcers, bleeding Oral cancer – Abnormal growths, sores, lesions that do not heal Esophagitis – Chest pain (heartburn) Hiatal hernia – Indigestion, heartburn, acid reflux, esophagitis Gastritis – Stomach pain, hematemesis Peptic ulcer – Upper abdominal pain, hemorrhage, blood in stool Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Chronic atrophic gastritis - gastritis, poor digestion, poor absorption of nutrients, weight loss Gastroenteritis – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, possible fever Appendicitis – Acute lower right quadrant pain, nausea, fever Diverticulitis – Cramping and pain in lower abdomen Crohn’s disease – Lower right pain, diarrhea and constipation, emission and exacerbation, weight loss, melena Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Irritable bowel syndrome – Diarrhea, pain, gas, constipation Dysentery – Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea with pus and mucus Viral hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis)Anorexia, nausea, mild fever, jaundice, enlarged tender liver Hepatitis B – 2-6 month incubation followed by Hep A symptoms, may lead to chronic Hepatitis and cirrhosis Hepatitis C – As for A and B, following incubation of months to decades, commonly resulting in cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Hepatitis D – Same as for B, more serious, frequently leads to chronic liver diseases Hepatitis E – As Hep A Cirrhosis – Jaundice, abdominal distention, ascites (fluid in cavity), bleeding tendencies, edema, malabsorption of fats, gynecomastia, delerium tremens, hepatic coma Cholecystitis – upper right pain, nausea, indigestion, belching Cholelithiasis – None – or upper right pain following a meal Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Pancreatitis – Acute, sever, sharp radiating abdominal pain, risk of hemorrhage, jaundice, vomiting, malabsorption Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9
