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Chapter 11 Diseases of the Reproductive System Female Organs and Function Ovaries– store and mature eggs, release into fallopian tubes with help of frimbriae Fallopian tubes – transport mature egg to uterus for expelling or fertilization Uterus – supply womb for fetal growth, blood supply for placenta or lining for release during menstruation Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 Bartholin’s glands – secrete mucous for lubrication during sex Hymen – membranous fold covering closing the vaginal opening Breasts – accessory organs used for production of milk Vagina - Birth canal Cervix – opening of uterus for entry of sperm or exit for birth Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Male Organs and Function Prostate gland – secretes fluid to lubricate sperm Penis – pathway for sperm, urine, contains the muscle which becomes erect for sex Seminiferous tubules – Sperm development Epididymis – Sperm enter after reaching maturity (coiled tube) Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Vas deferens – store sperm for up to several weeks – enters the abdominal cavity, then into prostate for ejaculation through urethra Scrotum- sac containing testis, epididymis Testis – store the hormones, and future sperm which when ready to mature will enter seminiferous tubules Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Signs and Symptoms PID – lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge can have an odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular bleeding Fibroid tumors of uterus – Some have no symptoms, excessive vaginal bleeding, pelvic pressure, abdominal pain, abdominal enlargement, pain during intercourse Breasts cysts – Tiny- fluid filled sacs in breast tissue Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Fibroadenoma – Solid, firm tumor, usually painless Amenorrhea – No menstrual period Dysmenorrhea – cramping, dull to severe pelvic and lower back pain Menorrhagia – Excessive or prolonged bleeding during period Metrorrhagia – Bleeding between periods, extreme irregularity of cycle PMS – Breast swelling and tenderness, acne, bloating, weight gain, headache, joint pain, food cravings, mood swings, fatigue, anxiety, depression, trouble sleeping Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 PDD – (dysphoric) – Feelings of sadness or despair, tension or anxiety, panic attacks, mood swings, anger that affects others, disinterest in relationships or daily activities, lack of focus, tiredness, food cravings, trouble sleeping, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, joint pain, muscle pain Endometriosis – Pelvic pain, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal bloating, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, fatigue Ectopic pregnancy – Lower abdominopelvic pain, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, nausea, breast tenderness, back pain, shock, sudden pain Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Spontaneous abortion – Miscarriage – low back pain, abdominal pain, cramping, vaginal bleeding, clotlike discharge Preeclampsia – Mild: HBP, protein in urine; Severe: also includes headache, blurred vision, fatigue, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, urinating small amounts, pain in upper right abdomen, SOB, bruise easily Gestational Diabetes – Maternal hypertension, polyhudroamnios, excessive weight gain during last 6 months, fetus large for gestational age Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Prostatitis – Acute: fever, chills, flu symptoms, pain in gland, lower back or groin pain, urinary problems, painful ejaculation, blood-tinged urine; Chronic: urgent urination, frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, pelvic pain, back pain, occasional blood in urine or semen, fever, painful ejaculation, recurring bladder infections. Orchitis – testicular swelling, pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever, penile discharge, enlarged prostate and tenderness STDs – gonhorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, herpes, HPV and genital warts Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Menopause- hot flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, mood swings, trouble focusing, hair loss or thinning, facial hair growth, vaginal dryness Uterine prolapse- Feelings of heaviness in pelvic area, urinary stress incontinence, lower back pain Cystocele – Pelvic pressure, urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence Rectocele – Discomfort, constipation, fecal incontinence Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 BPH – Night urination urge, frequent bladder need, difficulty urinating, urine stream decreases Erectile dysfunction - Inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11
