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Bell Ringer • Name one of each of the following: short bone, long bone, irregular bone, and flat bone. • What are some characteristics of a long bone? • Where do we find long bones, and what part of the skeleton? Short/Irregular/Flat Bones By: Mr. Schlamb Short Bones • Kind of shaped like “irregular cubes” • They are spongy with a covering of compact tissue • Examples would be the bones of the wrist, ankle, and kneecap Flat Bones • Broad flat plates of spongy tissue sandwiched between two layers of compact tissue • They protect organs and are anchor points for muscles • Examples include ribs, sternum, scapula, skull and hips Irregular Bones • As you might have guessed these bones are irregularly shaped • The proportion of spongy bone to compact bone varies from one bone to the next • Examples are the vertebrae and facial bones Bell Ringer • What two functions do flat bones do? • What are the two main places we find irregular bones? • What are short bones shaped like? Facial Bones By: Mr. Schlamb Maxillae • Two maxillae bones • They form the upper jaw, and each has an alveolar process in which the teeth are located • Other processes called the palatine processes, form the anterior portion of the hard palate, the roof of the mouth • The maxillae also contributes to the floors of the orbits and to the sides and floor of the nasal cavity Palatine Bones • Two palatine bones • They make up the posterior portion of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity A cleft palate results when the palatine bones have failed to fuse Zygomatic Bones • Two zygomatic bones • Form the sides of the orbits and the cheekbones • Each bone has a temporal process that joins the zygomatic process of a temporal bone Lacrimal Bones • Two small and thin lacrimal bones • Located on the medial walls of the orbits a small groove between the orbits and the nasal cavity serves as a pathway for a tube that carries tears from the eyes to the nose Nasal Bone • Two nasal bones • Small rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose • The ventral portion of the nose is cartilage Vomer Bone • One vomer bone • Joins with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone to form the nasal septum Inferior Nasal Conchae • Two inferior nasal conchae • Thin curved bones that project into the nasal cavities and are attached to their lateral walls • Like the superior and middle nasal conchae (skull bones) they support the mucous membranes that line the nasal cavity Mandible • One mandible and is the only moveable portion of the skull • Its horseshoe shape gives us a chin and it contains two upright projections called rami • Each ramus has a mandibular condyle that articulates with a temporal bone and a coronoid process which serves as a place of attachment for muscles used for chewing • The lower teeth are located on the alveolar arch of the mandible Hyoid Bone • The hyoid bone does not belong to the facial bones, skull bones, or the cranium as a whole • It is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone • It is U shaped and is located superior to the larynx (voice box) in the neck • It is suspended from the styloid process of the temporal bones by stylohyoid muscles and ligaments • It anchors the tongue and serves as the site of muscle attachment of several muscles associated with swallowing