Download Propaganda during WWI

Propaganda during WWI
By Jake Mosher and Andy Song
What is propaganda?
► The
spreading of ideas, facts, or allegations
to further ones cause, or damage an
opposing cause
► Aimed
to influence people’s behavior and
opinions
Government use of propaganda
during Wartime
► To
boost enlistment numbers
► Raise
moral on the home front
► Encourage
► To
investment into war bonds
help the transition into a wartime
economy
Propaganda Techniques
► Band
Wagon - Everyone does it, you should
► Glorification
► Gruesome
- Make soldiers appear heroic
- Leave vivid/permanent mental image
► Guilt/Mockery
► Fears
- Isolating specific category
– Expose Insecurities, Relate
World War I Propaganda
World War I Propaganda
► In
the form of posters,
newspapers, slogans,
billboards, and cinema
ads
► It
was everywhere
► Manipulated
people
through their emotions
German Propaganda
►
Germany was one of the
first countries to begin
producing propaganda
►
German propaganda was
often unique from other
countries
►
Sometimes involved
mythological creatures
“We teach you to run!”
British War Propaganda Bureau
(WPB)
►
Established September 2nd 1914.
►
Consisted of 25 leading authors
who agreed to write books and
pamphlets promoting the
governments view of the war.
►
Published pamphlets such as
Report on Alleged German
Outrages, which gave credence
to the idea that the German
Army had tortured Belgium
citizens
Department of Information
► Established
► Became
in February, 1917
the central department for all
British propaganda
Common British Propaganda
► Much
British
propaganda focused
on demonizing the
enemy.
► Sought
to raise
emotions of fear and
hate.
Common British Propaganda
► British
propaganda
often appealed to the
sense of national
pride.
► Was
designed to
invoke feelings of guilt
in those not enlisted.
British Propaganda
► The
execution of nurse
Edith Cavell was a
major theme of AntiGerman propaganda.
► Recruitment
doubled
for eight weeks after
her death was
announced.
U.S. Propaganda
►
Committee of Public
Information established
April 13, 1917
►
Influenced American public
opinion toward supporting
U.S. intervention in the war
►
Organized a speaker's
bureau of seventy-five
thousand people, known as
the "Four-Minute Men."
►
Made liberal use of war
atrocity stories in their
speeches
U.S. Propaganda
“Over there” by Billy Murray
World War II Propaganda
WWII
Germany
► Nazi
Germany is
glorified, unified
► Hitler clenched fist,
stern face, power,
omnipotent
► Bright sunlight, dove,
hope and courage
► 1939
WWII
United States
► Depicts
Japan and
Germany, stereotypical
features
► Very close, massive
warning sign
► Shown as dangerous
and menacing, sneaky
► Corner emblem, “Our
Job”, Patriotism
► 1942
WWII
Soviet Russia
► Children,
sympathy
and can relate
► Background is gloomy,
dark, hopelessness
► Barbed wire, encaged,
suffering
► Facial expression
traumatized, fearful
► 1942
WWII
Britain
► Very
plain, very direct
► Finger pointing,
addressing each
individual
► Strong message, can’t
rely on others, work
towards goal
► 1942
WWII
United States
► Two
major axis
powers, dark and evil.
► America is portrayed
as angelic and
innocent
► Image of defenseless
baby, need to protect.
► 1943
WWII
Germany
► Literature
used as
Propaganda
► Comic books: Vica,
turn French against
Allies
► Hitler Auto-biography,
Mein Kampf
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q-6H4xOUrs
Different Forms of Propaganda
Practices of Propaganda
► Propaganda
used to
convince citizens to
join war effort
► Indirect Methods: War
bonds, Rationing
goods, Giving
materials
► Direct Methods:
Enlisting, Volunteering,
Production
Practices of Propaganda II
► Subtle
features: Features such as shading,
color, font size, etc.
► Obvious features: Features such as text,
images, metaphors, symbolism
► Used to stir emotions within civilians:
Patriotism, Hatred, Fear
Ministry of Information
► British
government
controlled
► Responsible for all
publicity and
propaganda
► started in October
1935
Ministry of Public Enlightenment
► Regulated
its culture
and society
► Started by Germany
Nationalist Socialist
Party + Hitler
► Enforced Nazi Ideology
► March 13, 1933
Crucial Point of Propaganda
► Bombing
of Pearl
Harbor
► American became
involved
► Changed outcome of
WWII entirely
► Constantly referred to
for justification
► 1942
Results of Pearl Harbor
► US
became involved in
War
► Mass increase in AntiJapanese sentiments
► Propaganda became
more focused on
Japanese
► Creation of Internment
Camps
Results of Pearl Harbor II
► America
became a
war-driven economy
► Majority of US citizens
supported War
► War bonds became
vital factor to military,
constantly advertised
Changes in Propaganda between
WWI and WWII
► Posters
used
extensively in both
wars
► Propaganda methods
more technologically
advanced in WWII.
► WWI Propaganda
more focused on
romanticize/glorify,
WWII propaganda on
dehumanization
Changes in Propaganda between
WWI and WWII Part 2
►
►
►
More types of propaganda
began to appear in WWII,
such as comic books,
novelty items, toys, etc.
Propaganda becomes
integrated into daily
lifestyles
Directed towards a larger
audience (women)
Reasons for Changes
► Alternative
forms of
Propaganda,
attempting to extend
reach and degree
► Men left for war,
needed reliant and
capable workers,
women
► Countries already
experienced total war
Reasons for Changes Part 2
►
►
►
Societies were becoming
more Urbanized, people
use new alternative
sources for info.
More people had access to
radio and television
Toys, Comic Books,
brainwash children, young
and impressionable, guilt
parents into contribution
Effects
► World
War II comic book propaganda saw a
major evolution of the modern day super
hero
► Result of heavy anti-Japanese sentiments in
WWII propaganda, creation of internment
camps.
► Women equal to men
► Pearl Harbor Propaganda, America involved.
► US citizens very patriotic and nationalistic
Statement
► Overall,
propaganda was a fundamental tool
to all governments during both wars.
► Fueled war effort indirectly and directly
► Society now more aware and cautious of
media exposure
► Propaganda symbolizes perspectives,
events, methods, and sentiments of nations
during that time Period
Bibliography
►
►
►
►
►
►
Duffy,Michael. “Propaganda Posters”.FirstWorldWar.com.
http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/uk.htm (28 May 2009)
No author. “The British War Propaganda
Bureau”.http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwpb.htm (28 May
2009)
No author. “The Creel Committee”.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468300537.html (28 May
2009)
McGill, James. “Anti-Axis Collectibles”.
http://mysite.verizon.net/vzetqw5o/antiaxispropaganda/id15.html (28
May 2009)
Johnson, Jane. “World War I Propaganda Posters”.
http://www.worldwar1gallery.com/propaganda/ (28 May 2009)
Young, Thomas. “German WWI Psyop”.
http://www.psywarrior.com/GermanWWIPSYOP.html (29 May 2009)