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The Nervous System and Control of Movement PSE4U MR. MACMILLAN Two Components of the Nervous System Two major components that each play a distinctive role, but are interconnected and work together The Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System Bodily functions The Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Divided into two parts: The Brain The Spinal Cord The Brain Cerebrum Largest part of the part, containing the nerve centres that control sensory and motor Cerebellum Main function to coordinate muscle movement and control balance Brain Stem Links the cerebrum with the spinal cord Autonomic functions, postural control, muscle tone and eye movements The Brain Diencephalon Consists of thalamus and hypothalamus Thalamus - Controls awareness of pain, focusing attention Hypothalamus – body temperature, appetite, emotions Limbic System Regulate hunger, aggression, emotional drives Reticular activating system Network of neurons Directs information to appropriate places for interpretation Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Consist of parts of the nervous system that sit outside central nervous system The PNS can be thought of as a massive road network carrying traffic in and out of the CNS Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Peripheral Nervous System Motor Nerves (efferent nerves) carry information from the CNS to the body’s organs Sensory nerves (afferent nerves) carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS The PNS contains both the autonomic and somatic components. The Autonomic Nervous System Involuntary contractions of cardiac muscles and the smooth muscles of internal organs are regulated by the ANS This subsystem is comprised of two branches: The sympathetic system The parasympathetic system Sympathetic System Causes localized bodily adjustments to occur Sweating, cardiovascular changes Prepares the body for emergencies, releasing adrenaline from the adrenal gland “flight or fight” response Parasympathetic System Helps return the body to normal after it has been altered by the sympathetic NS Decreases HR, constricts blood vessels etc. Somatic Nervous System Contains both afferent and efferent nerves The somatic system handles the muscles in our extremities Page 97 - Figure 6.2 in textbook Rick Hansen Page 98 : Man in Motion “Anything is Possible”