Download Non Verbal communication

•Man used to communicate even before he developed
language
-the use of words provided him with a very versatile
tool to express himself
-communication takes place without the words leads
us to explore the non verbal mode of communication
• By non verbal communication we mean all
communication that involves neither written nor
spoken words but occurs without the use of words
•According to one authority 7 % of the meaning in a
face to face situation is derived from word symbols/38
% from voice tone and inflection
Non verbal
 55% from bodily movements(particularly facial)and
gestures/In all 93% of the meaning in face to face
communication is transferred through non verbal
symbols.
 Role play-your boss has told staff that he welcomes
suggestion-you grab the opportunity and fix an
appointment with your boss
-you give your suggestion
-boss focuses his gaze directly on you
-clenches his jaw muscles & begins to frown
-At the end of your remarks /boss abruptly rises from his
chair and says “Thank you for your ideas”
Non Verbal
 You are on a committee for interviewing applicants for
the job of public relation officer
 -notice that one of the bio –data that seems o be
attractive grade wise and university wise
 During the interview you notice that he rarely looks
into your eyes
Observations
 Note that the non verbal behaviour of your boss is
contradicting their verbal communications
-The boss does not actually seems to be interested in
listening your ideas
-Job applicant does not seem to be confident at all to
handle his job despite his impressive particulars
-This type of situations keeps arising in routine where
we make important judgments from observing the non
verbal clues about the other person
Non Verbal
 Why the study of non verbal communication is
important
-We can learn about the affective and emotional states of
the other people through non verbal behaviours
-many first impressions are formed through non verbal
clues
- Non verbal communication has value in human
interaction because much of our non verbal actions are
not easily controlled consciously
Characteristics of non-verbal
 Non –verbal behaviour always has a communicative
value:-you may not always intend to send non verbal
messages but every thing about your appearance
/movement/facial expression/every nuance of your
voice has the potential to convey message
 It is powerful-we form impression of others /about
physical appearance & behaviour/when non verbal
behaviour contradicts verbal message-non verbal clues
become important
 It expresses attitude- how the other person feels about
the state of mind/his general
interest/liking/disagreements/amusements
Characteristics
 Much non verbal behaviour is culture bound-certain
types of non verbal behaviours are universal-like
expressions of happiness/fear/surprise/anger/distrust
 -many non verbal behavious vary from culture to
culture/example –the nod
 -It is ambiguous:- Does a yawn signal boredom or
fatigue?/Is the subordinate trembling with
nervousness or cold?
 -most of the non verbal have multitudes of meaning
and it is difficult to assume the true meaning in the
given case
Non Verbal
 Types of non verbal communication
 Body language
 Sign language
 Para language
 Circumstantial language –space-surroundings-time
Channels of communication
 A channel of communication is the path through
which information flows through out the organization
-It might be formal or informal
 Formal communication network are systems designed
by management to dictate who should talk to whom to
get a job done
-All downwards/upwards and horizontal
communications flow through this network
-This network is created to regulate the flows of
communication so as to avoid any confusion and make
it more orderly/timely and smooth
Formal Communication
 Through formal channels information is passed
upward from employees to supervisors and laterally to
adjacent departments
 Instructions relating to the performance of the
department/policies for conducting business are
conveyed downward from supervisors to employees
 Small organization networks are simple and are hardly
noticeable
 In large organization they become more intricate
Merits of formal communication
 Satisfy the information needs of the organization:-
-When and where/what kind of information is required
& who is to provide
-to activate the information flow in the organization
 Integrates the organization:-works as a linking wires in
a big sized organization
 Coordination & control:- by providing require
information at right time to right places
 Sorts the information for high level executives
Merits
 Restricts unwanted flow of information- when a
person is supposed to formally communicate some
information to some authority that it self has a
restrictive implication that he need not disseminate
this information anywhere else
 Reliability and accuracy of information:-When
information moves through formal channel it has to
have some basis to substantiate it/reliable & accurate
Limitation
 Time consuming and expensive
 It increases the workload of the line supervisors
 Information may get distorted or lost as they pass
through many points
 Creates gaps between top executives and lower
subordinates-do not recognize their
subordinates/which effects adversely the superior
subordinate relationship
 Formal communication has to more economical and
not too rigid & elaborate
Informal communication
 Informal communication network is not a deliberately
formed network
-it arises to meet needs that aren’t satisfied by formal
communication
 Employees form friendships /they talk in
gatherings/persons working at same place may talk
just like that and likewise
-This in turn allow employees to fill in communication
gaps within formal the formal channels
Sources
 Grapevine-channel mostly associate with gossip and
rumors
 Social gatherings-chance to people of various ranks to
meet and talk
 Management by walking around- manager walks
through the work area and casually talks
 Secretaries/administrative assistants of top bosses-
very common that they pass and receive much
information informally
Grapevine
 Grapevine is the most widespread and commonly used
informal communication
- It exists outside the formal channels
-used by people to transmit casual/personal and social
interchanges at work
 It is expression of their natural motivation to
communicate
 Consists of rumors/gossip/truthful information
 Its speed is very fast
 Study conducted by Keith Davis revealed that wife of a
supervisor has a baby at 11.00 pm /plant survey next
day at 2.00 p.m shows that 46% of the management
personnel knew
Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Emerges from the social and personal interaction of
employees
Typically associated with employees it is also
prevalent among managers
Occurs mainly at work site
It is people oriented rather than issue oriented
Carries information which will be inappropriate in
formal channels
It is oral
Grapevine information is fast
It occurs in a cluster pattern/can take other form
Characteristics
9.Grapevine communication can begin and end
anywhere in the organization-hierarchically
10.Grapevine transmission flows in all directions in an
organization
11. As the size of the organization increases grapevine
activity increases
Pattern of grapevine
 Grapevine shoes disregard for rank or authority
 It may link organization members in any combination
of directions-horizontal/vertical/diagonal
 As Keith Davis puts it grapevine flows around water
coolers/down hallways/through lunchrooms/where
ever people get together in groups
Merits
 Satisfies social needs of members
 Better human relation
 Speed
 It works as a linking chain
 It serves to fill the possible gaps in the formal
communication
 Limitation: Not authentic
 Responsibility cannot be fixed
 Not dependable/leak confidential info/incomplete
Comparison
 Formal communication based on formal
organizational relationship/informal personal
relationship
 formal provides blue print for the ways it should
communicate/informal reflects the ways in which they
actually do communicate
 Formal preplanned/informal spontaneous
 Formal is rigid/no such thing in the informal
Comparision
 Information handled loosely in
informal(grapevine)/not responsible for distortion the
way they would have been responsible in formal
 Informal fast/formal slower
 In case of formal status or position of the parties is
very important/no relevance in informal
 Members prefer information from formal
channel/informal not accurate and reliable