Download Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases ( Non

Lifestyle/Chronic
Diseases ( Non-Communicable)
Unit 8 In The Book
Page 514
Lifestyle/Chronic Diseases
- diseases
caused by lifestyle
choices, genetics, and/or
environment and not
communicable.
Factors That Have An Influence
Cardiovascular Diseases
(diseases of the CV system)
p.515
Heart Diseases- any disease of the heart
muscle or other working parts of the heart.
Coronary Heart Disease- A disease in which
the coronary arteries are narrowed or
blocked.
Coronary Artery- is a blood vessel that
carries blood to the heart muscles.
Plaque- hardened deposits of fat.
Factors which could lead to CVD
-gender, heredity, smoking, hypertension, high
cholesterol, poor diet, diabetes, obesity, lack
of exercise & stress.
Leading Causes of Death
Types of Diabetes
523
InsulinGlucose-
Heart Attack
(Myocardial Infarction)
P. 517
- Death of heart muscle (no O2)
Blood Vessels p.210
1. Arteries- carry blood away from the heart,
largest blood vessels with thick muscular
walls.
2. Veins- carry blood towards the heart.
3. Capillaries- connect arteries to veins.
Blood Vessel Problems
Thrombus- a stationary clot in the blood.
Embolus- a traveling blood clot.
Aneurysm- the ballooning out of an artery at a
point where it has become weak.
Hemorrhage- the breaking of an artery wall at
a point where it has grown weak.
Atherosclerosis
p.516
- a disease in which plaque collects on
artery walls.
Arteriosclerosis- tends to occur
naturally as people age.
Other Types of Heart Disease
p.515
Congenital- “born with”
Murmur- a heart sound that reflects
damaged or abnormal heart valves.
Pacemaker- a device that is implanted in
the heart to stimulate normal heart
contractions.
Rheumatic Fever- occurs chiefly in children
and teens and includes inflammation of
the heart valves.
Blood Pressure
p.519
Hypertension- high blood pressure, “silent Killer”.
Hereditary
120 systolic- contraction ( good BP)
80 diastolic- relaxation
140/90 ( High BP)
PrehypertensionStage IStage IISphygmomanometer- used to measure BP
High Cholesterol
• Below 200 milligrams per deciliter is
desirable (total)
Two types
1. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
2. Low Density Lipoproteins
(LDL)
LDL
•
•
•
•
Bad
Builds up on artery walls (atherosclerosis)
LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dl
Raises by consuming Sat. Fat
HDL
•
•
•
•
Good
Takes fat out of blood
HDL levels should be above 45 mg/dl
Raises w/exercise and fruits, veg & whole
grains
Stroke
(Brain Attack)P. 516
- a condition caused by a blocked or broken
blood vessel in the brain, basically shutting
off all blood flow to the brain.
Causes: Thrombus, Embolus, Hemorrhage,
Aneurysm, compression from a tumor.
Symptoms of a Stroke
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•
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•
Sudden weakness, numbness, tingling
Loss of speech
Dizziness, unsteadiness
Dimness, loss of vision
Paralysis
Disability or death
In a major stroke, part of the brain will die
causing mental & physical damage & loss of
functioning.
Diagnosis & Treatment
P. 520
Electro-CardiogramCardiac CatheterizationStress TestEchocardiogramNuclear Stress TestAngioplastyStent-
Cancer
P. 531
-An uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
which spreads into surrounding tissue and
other body parts.
Tumor P.531
Tumor- an abnormal mass of tissue that can live and
reproduce itself, but performs no service to the
body.
Benign- non-cancerous, as does not spread to
other parts of the body.
Malignant- is a cancerous tumor, that may spread
to other parts of the body.
Stages P.531
Metastasis- is the spread of cancer.
“In Situ”- cancer not spreading, in its original
location.
How Cancer Develops
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Exposure to Carcinogen or initiator
Initiator enters cell
Cells’ genetic material changes
Promoter may be present
Multiplication of cells
Tumors develop
Malignant tumor grows & spreads to
surrounding tissue
8. Metastasis occurs
Warning signs of Cancer
p.534
C
A
U
T
I
O
N
Common Cancers
P.532 & 533 (Table 49.1)
Male- lung, prostate, colon-rectum
Female- lung, breast, colon-rectum, uterus
Initiators (Causes):
1.Heredity(lung,colon,rectal,breast,uterine)
2.Carcinogens
3.Radiation
4.Viruses
5.Lack of Exercise or Poor Diet
Reducing Your Risk of Cancer
P.534 & 535
Treatment Approaches
P. 536
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•
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•
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy