Download Unit 4 – Circulatory, Respiratory and Excretory System

Unit 4 – Circulatory, Respiratory and Excretory System
Test Date ___________________ Project Due ________________________________
Lesson 1 – The Cardiovascular System
Homework: read pages 176-179 and take notes
Warm –up 1. _____ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______
Finding Target Heart rate
(220 – age) x .65 = 65% fitness level
(220 – age) x .85 = 85% fitness level
In order to be considered physically fit you must reach your target heart rate for 30 consecutive minutes, 3 days a
week. The top formula calculates your heart rate at a 65% fitness level and the bottom formula calculates your
heart rate at an 85% fitness level.
- As you become more physically fit your resting heart rate can decrease over time due to the fact that it
doesn’t have to work as hard.
- heart –
- made of cardiac muscle tissue
- 2 sides
- right side pumps oxygen-poor blood to
the lungs
- left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the
body
- each side has 2 chambers
- upper chamber – atrium
- lower chamber – ventricle
- valves
- located between chambers and where large arteries attach to the heart
- prevent blood from going backward
- the sound of heartbeat we hear is caused by them closing
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- Blood Vessels
- Arties –
- carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs
- heartbeat pumps blood into arties at high pressure – blood pressure
- pulse – rhythmic changes in your blood pressure
- Capillaries
- tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue
- only 1 cell thick
- bring nutrients, oxygen and other substances to the cells
- removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from the cells
- Veins
- in biology, a vessel that carries blood to the heart
- pushed back to the heart when muscles contract
In the capillaries — blood takes up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Oxygen-rich blood travels through the
veins of the left atrium
Right ventricle pumps oxygenpoor blood into the arteries that
lead to the lungs
Heart pumps oxygen-rich blood
from the left ventricle into arteries and then into capillaries
Oxygen-poor blood travels back into the heart
As blood travels through capillaries, it transports oxygen, nutrients and water to the cells
while carrying away waste materials and carbon dioxide
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- Cardiovascular Problems
- Causes – smoking, high levels of cholesterol in the blood, stress, physical inactivity or
heredity
- can help – eating a healthy diet and getting plenty of exercise
- Atherosclerosis
- the buildup of material inside the artery which can become blocked restricting
blood flow that can lead to a heart attack
- High Blood Pressure (hypertension)
- abnormally high blood pressure
- can lead to a stroke – blood vessel in the brain become clogged or rupture
- brain cells can die because of lack of oxygen
- Heart Attack
- happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damages
- Heart Failure
- happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs
Lesson 2 – Blood
Homework: read pages 182-185 and take notes
Blood Type game http://www.redcrossblood.org/donating-blood/donor-zone/games/blood-type
Receiver’s
Blood type
Can receive
type O?
Can receive
Type A?
O
A
B
AB
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Can receive
Type B?
Can receive
Type AB?
- The circulatory system is made up of your heart, blood vessels and blood — is responsible for transporting needed materials to the body’s cells.
Blood – the fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body and that is made up
of plasma, red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells.
- helps regulate the body’s temperature by enlarging and shrinking
- Plasma – mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins and other substances, and contains the following
- Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)
- take oxygen to every cell
- hemoglobin – oxygen-carrying protein and give blood its red color
- Platelets
- pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow
- last only 5 to 10 days
- clump together to plug a damage area to reduce blood loss and release chemicals to help
blood clot
- White Blood Cells (WBC’s)
- help keep the body healthy by destroying pathogens and clean wounds
- fight pathogens
- destroy them by releasing antibodies
- destroy body cells that have died or been damaged
- created in bone marrow and mature in the lymphatic system
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- Blood Pressure – the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries and is given in 2
numbers
- Systolic pressure is the pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract
- diastolic pressure is the pressure inside the arteries when the ventricles relax
Blood Types
- 4 types – A, B, AB, or O
- antigens are the surface chemicals on RBC’s that
make blood different types
- Also have different antibodies in the plasma which
Lesson 3 – The Respiratory System
Homework: read pages 190-193- and take notes
Snore Lab Questions
1. How was your humming different when wax paper was pressed to your mouth?
2. Use your observations to guess what might cause snoring.
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- Respiration – the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing (inhaling and exhaling) and cellular respiration (chemical reaction
that release energy from food)
- Respiratory System – a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
- Nose – main passageway into the system
- Pharynx (throat) – passage from the mouth to
the larynx and esophagus – branches into two tubes –
esophagus goes to the stomach while the larynx goes
to the lungs
- Larynx – area of the throat that contains the
vocal cords ( elastic bands that stretch across the larynx) and produces vocal sounds when air flowing between them makes the cords vibrate
- Trachea (windpipe) – the tube that connects
the larynx to the lungs
- Bronchi – one of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea
- Alveoli – any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. This exchange between the alveoli and capillaries allows oxygen to enter the blood.
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Cellular Respiration
- oxygen is used by cells to release energy stored in molecules of glucose.
- oxygen is diffused out of the red blood cells and into each cell
- cells use the oxygen to release chemical energy – during, carbon dioxide and water are
produced – carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs
Lesson 4 – Excretory or Urinary System
Homework: read pages 212-215 and take notes
Warm-up — 1. ___________________ 2. ____________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
- Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body.
- Urinary System – the organs that produce, store and eliminate urine
- Kidney – one of the pair of organs that filter water
and wastes from the blood and that excrete products as urine
- Nephrons — microscopic filters in the kidney that
Remove water and other harmful substances from the
blood
Water Balance
- sweat – evaporation of water from your skin to cool – causes less saliva to produced
causing you to become thirsty
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) – controls the amount of water in the bloodstream and
amount of urine produced
- Diuretics – causes your body to make more urine taking water from your blood
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Lesson 5 – Respiratory and Urinary System Disorders
Respiratory Disorders
- asthma
- cause the bronchioles to narrow – has difficulty breathing and may be triggered by
irritants such as dust or pollen
- emphysema
- happens when the alveoli have been damaged. People have trouble getting the oxygen they need
- SARS – severe acute respiratory syndrome
- caused by a virus
Urinary System Problems
- Bacterial Infections
- painful infections that needs to be treated before it reaches the kidneys can be permanently damaged
- Kidney Stones
- salts and other wastes that collect inside in the kidneys
- Kidney Disease
- damaged nephrons which causes the person to have to use a kidney machine to filter waste from the blood
Lesson 6 – The Integumentary System and review of other excretory systems
Homework: read pages 162-165 and take notes
- Integumentary System – the organ system that forms a protective covering on the
outside of the body
— Your skin is the largest organ in your body
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Warm-up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Functions of Skin
- keeps water in and foreign particles out
- nerve endings let you feel things around you
- sweat — regulate body temperature and also removes waste
Layers of Skin
- epidermis – the surface layer of cells on a plant or animal
- dermis – the layer of skin below the epidermis –made of protein called collagen that provides
strength
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Study Guide
Circulatory system — responsible for transporting needed materials to the body’s cells
Heart — made up of cardiac muscle tissue
2 sides — right pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
— left pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body and heart
- upper chamber — atrium
/
lower chamber — ventricle
In the lungs oxygen is added to blood while carbon dioxide is removed
Cardiovascular system includes: heart, arteries, capillaries and veins
- 2 types of blood circulation — pulmonary and systemic
Cardiovascular problems — atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, heart attack and heart failure
Blood pressure — the force exerted on the walls of the arteries — systolic and diastolic
Main components of blood : plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
- primary function — carrying oxygen and nutrients, fight pathogens and reducing blood loss
- Blood types — A, B, AB, and O
Respiration — exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells
- breathing and cellular respiration
 alveoli and capillaries work together to allow oxygen to enter the blood
 Trachea — tube that connects the larynx to the lungs
Urinary System — organs that produce, store and eliminate urine
- excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body
Nephrons — microscopic filters in the kidney that remove waste and other harmful substance from the blood

diuretics — makes the body expel liquid
Urinary system disorders: bacterial infections, kidney stones and kidney disease
Respiratory disorders: SARS, emphysema and asthma
Integumentary System — forms a protective covering on the outside of the body
- skin is the largest organ in your body
Functions of skin
- keep water in/foreign particles out — lets you feels things you — sweat which regulates body temperature and removes waste.
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