Download Burns and Skin Pathology

Burns
and
Skin Pathology
Burns
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1st Degree Burn
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Reddening and swelling of skin
Only upper layers of epidermis are damaged
Caused by
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Sun exposure
Chemicals
Steam
Burns
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2nd Degree Burn
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Blisters, swelling, fluid buildup under skin
Stratum Basale and Dermis damaged
Caused by same factors except longer duration
Burns
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3rd Degree Burn
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Entire epidermis is charred or lost
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Dermis and Subcutaneous layer are damaged
Requires Skin Grafting
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Transplant of new skin
Assessment of Burns
The Rule of 9’s
Skin Grafting
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A transplant of skin covering area of burn
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A dermatome slices an area of good skin
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The epidermis and the upper portion of the dermis is cut
The graft is meshed to:
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Allow for drainage of fluid
Cover a larger area
Allow graft to reach all the corners of the cut
Skin grafting procedure
Three Types of Disorders
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Degenerative
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Genetic
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Progressive deterioration of tissue
Mutations that diminish skin function and structure
Infectious disease
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Microorganisms damage tissues and organs
Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in the skin’s basal
cells
Often look like open sores, red patches, pink growths, shiny
bumps, or scars
Caused by a combination of cumulative UV exposure and
intense, occasional UV exposure
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Second most common form of skin cancer
Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the squamous
cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers (the
epidermis)
Often look like scaly red patches, open sores, elevated
growths with a central depression, or warts; they may crust or
bleed
Caused by cumulative UV exposure over the course of a
lifetime.
Malignant Melanoma
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Uncontrolled growth of
pigment cells called
melanocytes
The most dangerous
form of skin cancer
Originate in the pigmentproducing melanocytes in
the basal layer of the
epidermis
Often resemble moles;
some develop from
moles
Prevention
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Seek the shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM
Do not burn
Avoid tanning and UV tanning booths
Cover up with clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat and UV
blocking sunglasses
Use a broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or
higher daily. For extended outdoor activity, use a water-resistant,
broad spectrum (UVA/UVB)sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher
Re-apply every two hours or immediately after swimming or
excessive sweating
Keep newborns out of the sun. Sunscreens should be used on
babies over the age of six months
Examine your skin head-to-toe every month
See your physician every year for a professional skin exam.
Decubitus Ulcer
An area of skin and tissue that becomes injured
or broken down
Also known as a bed sore or pressure ulcer
De- = down
Cubit/o = to lie
Literal meaning = pertaining to lying down
Decubitus Ulcer
Decubitus Ulcer with Autograft
Decubitus Ulcers
Sebaceous Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia = Abnormal multiplication of cells
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Sebaceous Glands become enlarged
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Glands form small yellow bumps
Syringomas
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Tumors in the ducts of sweat glands
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Mostly found clustered on eyelids
Yellowish firm rounded bumps
Degenerative Skin Disorders
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Moles
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Flat squamous-cell tumors
Heavily pigmented with melanocytes
Genetic origin
Genetic Disorders
Psoriasis
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1) Stem cells in the stratum basale are over active
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2) This causes Hyperkeratosis
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The excessive production of keratin
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Protein that strengthens skin
3)Causes toughening of skin causing a scaly
surface
Vitiligo
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White spots caused by hypopigmentation
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Localized decrease in melanin production
Immune system attacks destroy melanocytes in
the skin
Albinism
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This occurs due to lack of
pigment NOT the destruction
of existing pigment
Infectious Skin Disorders
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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
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The most common bacteria causing infections
Impetigo
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Pustules form on skin, dry, and become
yellow crusts
Skin pigment may not reappear
Ringworm
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Red to brown raised patch of skin
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Usually lighter in the center – A “ring” shape
Type of fungus
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Thrives in warm moist areas
Feeds on keratin
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Therefore only found on the outer dead skin layer
Furuncle (A Boil)
NOT a PIMPLE
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Inflammation of hair follicles due to bacterial infection
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Red pus-filled lumps
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Pus = protein rich fluid + dead cells
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A Pimple is a blockage of oil in the skin pore