Download Review Assignment Answers File

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
CH. 4: SKIN & BODY MEMBRANES REVIEW
NAME _____________________
1. Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside are called _serous_.
2. Membranes that form the inner lining of the joint cavities between the ends of bones at freely
moveable joints are called _synovial membranes_.
3. The cutaneous membrane is more commonly called the _skin_.
4. The dermis of the skin contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue and is thicker than the
_epidermis_. The subcutaneous layer ( is / is not ) between the dermis and
epidermis.
5. As cells from the deeper portion of the epidermis are pushed toward the surface they _keratinize
(harden, die,…)_.
6. The subcutaneous layer is located _deep to the dermis_. (Sorry for the repeat question!)
7. Oily secretion of sebaceous glands that causes zits is _sebum_.
8. New skin cells are produced (layer name) _Stratum Basale_.
9. Eccrine sweat glands respond primarily to _an increase in body temperature_.
10. Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the _dermis_.
11. Bed sores usually occur (where) _bony projections (hips, vertebrae, shoulders,…)_.
12. Skin cancer cells are most likely to develop from ( pigmented / non-pigmented ) cells.
13. Which race of people has the most melanocytes? The number of melanocytes does not
depend on race. (The level of activity of those melanocytes does…)
14. The _apocrine_ glands of the skin respond to emotional stress and begin to function at puberty.
15. _Melanin_ is the pigment produced by melanocytes.
16. The _Arrector_ _Pili_ muscle connects a _hair_ - _follicle_ to the surrounding dermis.
17. The _adipose_ tissue in the _subcutaneous_ layer acts as a heat (conductor/ insulator).
18. Two factors that influence the amount of pigment that melanocytes produce are
_genetics (DNA)_ and _exposure to sun_.
Matching
j
1. Oily secretion
m 2. Outermost layer of epidermis
k
3. Development stimulated by hormones
c 4. Inner layer of skin (of 2 layers).
h
5. Epidermal pigment
d 6. Responds to elevated temp.
i
7. Pigment-producing cell
e 8. Outer layer of skin.
a
9. Sweat gland usually associated with follicle
g 10. Hard protein of nails, hair.
o
11. Binds skin to underlying organs
n 12. Reproductive layer of epidermis
p
13. Process of hardening epidermal cells
a) apocrine gland
b) arrector pili c) dermis
d) eccrine gland
e) epidermis
f) hair follicle
g) keratin
h) melanin
i) melanocyte
j) sebum
k) sebaceous gland
m)stratum corneum
n) stratum basale
o) subcutaneous layer
p) keratinization
q) lunula
More Matching
h 5. damaging radiation
d 6. cancer of melanocytes
a 7. slowest growing cancer
e 8. burn of the epidermis
g 9. burn requiring skin graft
d 10. irregular mole
a) basal carcinoma
e) 1st degree
c) leprosy
g) 3rd degree
b) squamous carcinoma
f) 2nd degree
d) melanoma
h) UV radiation
Short Answer
1. What type of muscle is the Arrector Pili muscle made of?
Smooth (so it’s involuntarily controlled (you can’t give yourself “goose bumps”
willfully)).
2.
How does a bed sore form?
When the weight of the body on the bed (or being pulled across a bed repeatedly)
restricts the blood supply to parts of the body, the skin becomes pale or blanched at
pressure points. If the situation isn’t corrected, the cells begin to die, and small
cracks or breaks in the skin appear at compressed sites. Permanent damage to
superficial blood vessels and tissues result sores.
3.
Why would God design sebaceous glands to secrete sebum onto your skin?
To keep it lubricated (keep you from drying out.
Book #18:
Book #19:
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The melanin deposited in the hair decreases or becomes entirely
Book #23:
Book #24:
absent.
Infants and old people are much more sensitive to cold since they don’t
have as much subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue to insulate them.
The ABCD rule is used to detect Malignant Melanoma.
A: Asymmetrical (not round)
B: Border is irregular
C: Color is not consistent (differences in color in the dark spot)
D: Diameter > 6mm
He should be concerned about the mole is greater than 6mm (the
rapidly growing is really bad too despite not being part of ABCD).