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Minerals
How Rocks
Differ
The Rock
Cycle
Identifying
Minerals
Very
Important
Vocabulary
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the way a mineral
shines, or reflects
light
What is luster?
the color of a
mineral when it
becomes a powder
What is the streak?
the tendency of a
mineral to split
easily along flat
surfaces
What is cleavage?
jewelry, coins, metal
objects, plaster,
electric wire, and
construction
materials
What are ways that
minerals are used in
the home?
fingernails, copper
pennies, steel nails,
and glass plates
What are tools that
can be used to
measure hardness?
a rock that is made
when pieces of sand,
bits of rock and soil,
and the remains of
dead organisms come
together and get hard
What is a
sedimentary rock?
a rock that forms
when melted, or
molten, rock from
deep in Earth cools
and gets hard
What is an igneous
rock?
rock that is made
when old rocks are
changed by heat or
pressure under
Earth’s surface
What is
metamorphic
rock?
the type of rock in
which fossils are
found
What is
sedimentary rock?
the crust, the
mantle, the outer
core, and the inner
core
What are the
layers of Earth?
Weathering breaks
down igneous rocks.
These sediments can
be compacted and
cemented to form
this type of rock.
What is a
sedimentary rock?
Heat and pressure may
melt a metamorphic
rock, forming magma.
When the magma cools
and hardens, this type
of rock is formed.
What is an igneous
rock?
there is more than
one of these
through the rock
cycle
What are paths?
these forces can
change a rock to a
metamorphic rock
What are heat and
pressure?
this starts the
change from an
igneous rock to a
sedimentary rock
What is
weathering?
in order to determine
what kind of mineral a
sample is, you must rub
it against this object
and observe the color of
the powder left behind
What is a streak
plate?
test that
determines a
mineral’s ability to
resist being
scratched
What is the
hardness test?
this type of
mineral looks dull
What is a
nonmetallic
mineral?
this mineral has a
hardness of 10
What is a
diamond?
the same mineral can
be a variety of these,
so scientists use other
properties to identify
a mineral
What are colors?
a material made
up of one or more
minerals
What is a rock?
a nonliving solid
material that has a
definite chemical
makeup and is found in
Earth’s outermost
layer
What is a mineral?
the scale used to
determine a
mineral’s hardness
What is Mohs
Hardness Scale?
the continuous
series of changes
that rocks undergo
What is the rock
cycle?
weathering and
cementing
What are processes
in the rock cycle?
Make your wager.
Obsidian, basalt,
and granite are
examples of this
type of rock.
What are igneous
rocks?