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Chapter 17 – Invertebrate Animal Vocabulary Invertebrate – an animal that does not have a backbone. Symmetry – arrangement of individual body parts; can be radial or bilateral. Cnidarians – radially symmetrical, hollow-bodied animal with two cell layers organized into tissue Polyp – vase shaped, usually sessile body form of cnidarians Medusa – free swimming, bell – shaped body form of cnidarians Mollusk - soft-bodied, bilaterally symmetrical invertebrate with a large, muscular foot, a mantle, and an open circulatory system; usually have a shell Mantle – thin layer of tissue that covers a mollusk’s body that can secrete a shell. Radula – scratchy, tonguelike organ in many mollusks that has rows of teethlike projects used to scrape and grate food. Gill – organ that allows a water-dwelling animal to exchange carbon dioxide for dissolving oxygen in the water Closed Circulatory System – a type of blood circulation system in which blood is transported through blood vessels rather than washing over organs. Open Circulatory System – a type of blood circulation system that lacks blood vessels and in which blood washes over the organs. Arthropods – bilaterally symmetrical animal with jointed appendages, a protective endoskeleton, and a segmented body. Appendage – structure such as a claw, leg, or antenna that grows from the body. Exoskeleton – rigid, protective body covering of an arthropod that supports the body and reduces water loss. Metamorphosis – a change in body form that can be complete or incomplete