Download Skeletal System

Skeletal System
Exoskeleton
• Exo=Outside
• Chitin
• Common to
INVERTEBRATES
– DO NOT HAVE A
BACKBONE
Invertebrate
• Sponges
Invertebrate
• Cnidarians
• Jellyfish, coral, sea
anemones
• Radial symmetry
Invertebrate
• Platyhelminthes
• Flatworms
• Bilateral symmetry
Invertebrate
• Nematodes
• Roundworms
• First Digestive system
(mouth and anus)
Invertebrate
• Mollusks
• Clams, snails, squids
• Specific safety
systems (hinges and
powerful muscles on
clams, shells on squids
and snails, ink for
squids)
Invertebrate
•
•
•
•
Annelids
Segmented worms
Earthworms
Recycle organic soil
material
• Organic means to
contain carbon
Invertebrate
• Echinoderms
• Starfish, sea urchins,
sea cucumber
• Spiny skin
• Radial symmetry
Invertebrate
•
•
•
•
Arthropods
Jointed leg animals
Diverse
Crustaceans, insects,
chelicerates
• Spiders, lobsters,
shrimp, insects
Endoskeleton
• Endo=Inside
• Common to
VERTEBRATES
– HAVE A
BACKBONE
Vertebrate
• Fish
• Sharks, rays, skates,
fish
• Gills to breathe
• Lay eggs in water
Vertebrate
• Amphibians
• Lay eggs in water
• Live on land, breathe
air (lungs)
• Don’t tolerate drought
– Why? (moist skin)
• Frogs and salamanders
Vertebrate
• Reptiles
• Terrestrial
• Internal fertilization
(leathery eggs)
• Dry, scaly skin
• Breathe air-lungs
• Turtles, crocodiles,
snakes
Vertebrate
• Birds
• Feathers (body heat)
• Lay eggs and breathe
air-lungs
Vertebrate
• Mammals
• Produce milk presence
of hair
• Marsupials, Placental,
Monotremes (duckbill
platypus)
Endoskeleton
• 206 bones (vary in
shape and size)
– Why?
• Shape=Function
• Long bones=levers
(arms and legs)
• Flat bones=protection
(skull)
Muscular System
• 400 skeletal muscles
(attached to bone)
• Move parts of body in
relation to one another
• Nerves signal
movement (voluntary)
• Muscles occur in pairs
• Why?
Circulatory System
Circulatory System
• Heart (Muscle)
• Engine of system
• Pumps blood
throughout body
• So?
Circulatory System
• Blood
• RBC (oxygen carriers)
• WBC (immune
respons)
• Platelets (Blood clots)
• Plasma (water, NaCl,
nutrients, hormones)
• Blood Vessels
• Artery (blood away
from heart)
– Thicker (due to
force)
• Veins (blood
toward heart)
• Capillary (path for
blood materials to
diffuse and transmit
materials to body)
Types of Circulatory Systems
• Open
• Blood from heart isn’t
ONLY contained in bv
• Blood flows directly
into tissues
• Invertebrates (starfish,
crabs, insects)
• Closed
• Blood contained only
in bv and returns to
heart
• Vertebrates
• Invertebrates (squid
and octopus)
Thinking ?
How is the circulatory system linked
to the respiratory system?
How are the immune system and the
circulatory system linked?
How are the endocrine and
circulatory system linked?
How are the muscular and circulatory
systems linked?
How are the muscular and skeletal
systems linked?
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
• Responsible for gas
exchange
• Linked to circulatory
system (Why?)
• System must cover a
wide surface area
• System must remain
moist (Why?)
Respiratory System
• Gills
– Bv bring blood close to
surface for direct
contact with oxygen
• Lungs
– Thin tissue layers with
bv that allow gas
exchange
Dopamine
• Neurotransmitter (chemical signal
activates/inhibits cell function)
• Moves from one nerve cell to another
• Two functions:
– Controls movement
– Emotionally based behavior
Dopamine
• Movement
– Dopamine signals muscle/skeletal systems
• Emotion
– Behavior, sense of smell, heartbeat, breathing,
motivation
Abnormal levels lead to…
• Narcolepsy (not enough)
• Parkinsons (death of nerve cells)
• Schizophrenia (normal levels, but highly
sensitive)
Environmental influence on
dopamine…
• Alcohol, Cocaine and nicotine decrease the
levels of dopamine produced in body
naturally
• Force a large release upon intake = a high
• What systems are involved?