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Glossary Adaptation - a change in structure, function, or form that improves the chance of survival for an organism within a given environment. Asteroid – a meteoroid found in the asteroid belt – tends to be large. Asteroid Belt – a large belt of meteoroids found between Mars and Jupiter. Biology – The study of living organisms. Comet – a celestial body made up of ice and silicates that is only visible from Earth when it is near the sun, sublimates, and forms a tail. Crater – a large pit or hole created when a meteor hits the surface of a planet or moon. Crater Floor – the bottom of the crater which is either flat or curved. Crater Rim – the highest point of the crater, along the edge of the bowl. Crater Wall – the sides of the crater bowl. Crystal – a mineral that has formed a specific pattern of straight edges and perfect angles. Diameter – the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle or sphere, edge to edge. Dichotomy – a choice between two options that contradict one another. In a dichotomous key, two questions are asked about an item in order to help classify it. Ejecta – crushed or melted rock that is ejected from the meteor impact site. Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler one by a chemical reaction. There are 110 known elements – all matter is made from combinations of these. Evaporate – the process in which a liquid turns into a gas. Extremophile – an organism that lives in extreme environmental conditions (examples include living in extreme hot, cold, dry, high pressure or radioactive environments). Friction – the process of producing heat by rubbing two objects against one another. Geology – the study of rocks and minerals and the naturally occurring surface formations of planets and moons. Geothermal – heat produced by a planet’s interior core. Gravity – forces of attraction between two bodies. Igneous Rock – a rock that has formed from melted rock that has cooled inside or outside the Earth. Lander – a probe that lands on a planet but does not move from its landing site. Martian – anything native to the planet Mars i.e. a rock from Mars is a Martian rock. Metamorphic Rock – a rock that has changed from one type to another because of intense heat and pressure. Meteor – the trail of light seen as a meteoroid burns from the friction of entering a planet’s atmosphere. (often referred to as a “shooting star”) Meteorite – any piece of a meteoroid that survives after the meteoroid has crashed on the surface of a planet or moon. Meteoroid – stone or metal debris fragments formed when a comet or asteroid disintegrates. Microorganism – a very small animal or plant seen with the aid of a microscope. Mineral – a pure solid formed naturally on Earth Model – an object that represents another object or idea. Nutrient – nourishment necessary for life and growth. Orbit – the path taken when one body in space circles around a larger body in space. Organism – any living thing i.e. an animal, plant, bacteria, fungus or protozoa. Probe – a non-manned spacecraft that travels into space to explore planets, moons, asteroids, comets, stars and other galaxies. Rays – the streaks that begin at the rim of a crater and extend outward from the impact site like rays of the sun. Rover – a vehicle operated by remote control used to explore remote places that humans cannot safely travel to, like the surface of Venus or Mars. Satellite – any object that revolves around a larger object i.e. the moon revolves around the Earth and Hubble Space Telescope revolves around the Earth. Sedimentary Rock – a rock formed by rock particles (small bits and pieces of rocs) that have been deposited by ice, water, or wind and then consolidated by pressure. Solar System – the Sun and the planets, moons, asteroids, meteoroids and comets that revolve around the Sun. Universe – all matter and energy that exists in the vastness of space. Galaxies, stars, solar systems and the space between them make up the universe.