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Blueprint for exam make sure you know directional terminology be able to describe anatomical landmarks with their anatomical name (brachium, antebrachium, etc) be able to describe the basic functions of all of the systems in the body and their organs be able to describe which organs may take part in more than one system be able to describe the difference between membrane bound organelles and nonmembrane bound organelles be able to describe the functions of the plasmalemma be able to describe the different types of junctions found in cells be able to describe the functions of each organelle in the body be able to describe the components of the cytoskeleton, cytosol, and cytoplasm be able to describe the types of transport in the cell (active vs. passive and their examples) Tissues be able to describe the four main tissue types be able to give a description of the function of epithelial tissue be able to describe where epithelial tissue is found be able to describe all types of epithelial tissue, their function, and location be able to describe the characteristics of epithelial tissue (including the apical projections) be able to describe the difference among serous, mucous, and mixed glands be able to describe the function of connective tissue be able to distinguish among connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supportive connective tissue be able to describe the location of each of the connective tissues be able to distinguish between fixed cells and wandering cells of connective tissue be able to distinguish the different types of cartilage and where they are found be able to compare and contrast one tissue type to another (connective vs. epithelial etc) Integument be able to describe the main functions of the integumentary system be able to name the accessory structures of the skin be able to name and describe the 3 layers of skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis…what type of tissue do they have? Why are they important? Be able to name the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial or vice versa Be able to identify the types of cells found within each strata of the skin and their importance Be able to describe the function of keratinocytes and their importance Be able to describe the function of melanocytes and their importance Be able to describes the changes in skin as one ages Be able to describe some of the receptors found within skin Remember that hair follicles are surrounded by layer of the epidermis but extends into the reticular layer of the dermis Bones be able to draw an osteon and describe the function of each part be able to differentiate among osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteocytes be able to describe the two components of bone tissue (hydroxyapatite salts and collagen fibers, which one is the most abundant etc) be able to describe the functions of bone tissue be able to tell which bones are part of the axial and appendicular skeleton be able to describe where and how intramembranous ossification occurs be able to describe where and how endochondral ossification occurs be able to describe how appositional growth occurs be able to describe the periosteum and endosteum, where are they found and why are they important be able to recall bony landmarks learned in lab be able to know what a primary and secondary ossification center is and their importance be able to know the different types of bones and examples of each Joints be able to tell the difference among a diarthrotic, synarthrotic and amphiarthrotic joint be able to describe all 4 possible structural synarthrotic joints and their location be able to describe both possible structural amphiarthrotic joints and their location be able to describe all 3 possible structural diarthrotic joints and their location be able to describe the main subtypes of synovial joints and their location be able to describe the main components (and functions) of a joint be able to describe some of the important characteristics of synovial fluid go over the diagram of the knee, label it, and describe the functions know what the unhappy triad is Muscles be able to describe in words all the actions muscles can do (flexion-decreasing the angle) be able to describe the properties of muscles and their significance be able to describe the functions of muscles and what system they work hand in hand with describe the 3 types of levers and where you can find an example of each describe what tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses do describe between myofilaments and myofibrils be able to know the difference between epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium be able to describe the sliding filament theory be able to draw the sarcomere and label it be able to define a motor unit be able to describe what “keeps you warm” describe muscles by their size, shape, location etc be able to name all muscles learned in lab and the ones in the slides and their basic actions Know the prime movement!!! Be able to describe all types of fiber arrangement in muscles and examples of each Nervous system Be able to label and describe the functions of a neuron Be able to label and describe the importance of the parts of the spinal cord Be able to distinguish between CNS and PNS Be able to distinguish between sensory afferent and motor efferent Be able to distinguish between visceral and sensory Be able to describe bipolar, multipolar, and pseudounipolar neurons and their functions Be able to describe the function of interneurons Be able to describe the functions of neurons and neuroglial cells What do schwann cells do? What do satellite cells do? Be able to describe the brachial plexus, its origins, its cords, its branches, and the muscles it innervates Be able to describe what a neurotransmitter is and where it is located Be able to describe why most nerves are mixed Be able to distinguish between a ganglion and a nuclei Be able to describe the importance of myelin Review the slides on all the plexuses