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Warm Up # 48 (copy all) 1. When you rub your hands together, they heat up due to ____. A. inertia B. friction C. gravity D. acceleration 2. If an object is moving at a constant speed and a force pushes it in the same direction, the object will ___________ A. stop B. slow down C. accelerate D. stay the same speed 3. What does “homeostasis” mean? Give an example of homeostasis in the human body. Body Defenses and Excretion Statement of Inquiry—Health and wellbeing form a balanced system so that deliberate lifestyle choices can lead to positive consequences. Many systems help defend our bodies from harmful materials: Integumentary system (skin, nails, hair)--physical barrier to prevent pathogens (germs) from entering body Respiratory system--coughing, sneezing remove foreign particles, cilia and mucus trap other particles Digestive system--saliva, mucus, enzymes, and strong stomach acids destroy pathogens Immune system fights any pathogens that get past these systems. white blood cells fight infection and help heal injury antibodies--produced by white blood cells fight specific pathogens lymphatic system--similar to circulatory system, but has no pump (no heart) filters out pathogens, carries lymph lymph--fluid left in body tissues by circulatory system Non specific response swelling, redness, heat--first defense against injury and infection histamines--raises skin temperature, allows white blood cells to arrive quickly and fight pathogens Specific Response T cells and B cells fight specific antigens (pathogens) by producing antibodies that recognize the antigens Some B cells remain in the body to fight pathogens that enter the body later. Immunity comes in two forms passive--immunity babies receive from their moms at birth active--made by body in response to pathogens or received from vaccinations Excretion—How does the human body eliminate materials it does not need? Excretory system (parts we have already studied) 1. Respiratory removes CO2 and water 2. Digestive system removes solid waste Two other systems that remove waste 1. Urinary system removes liquid wastes from the circulatory system 2. Skin (integumentary system) releases wastes through sweat glands Urinary system consists of: 1. Kidneys--filter wastes and removes excess water from the blood 2. Bladder--holds liquid wastes 3. Ureters and urethra--Ureters connect the kidneys to the bladder. Urethra carry excess liquid wastes out of the body. The liquid waste is called urine. Kidneys also function to regulate water balance in the body (homeostasis) How do these body systems defend us against foreign matter? Body System Defenses Integumentary System skin as barrier Respiratory System mucus, cilia, coughing, sneezing Digestive System saliva, mucus, enzymes, acids Circulatory System white blood cells, antibodies