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Download The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
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Transcript
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics The Crust is made up of ___________________________________ and ______________________________________ What is Plate Tectonics? -developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. -Pangaea means “One Earth” Continental Drift is________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Plate Tectonics: • The Earth’s crust is divided into _________major plates which are moved in various directions. • This plate motion causes them to _____________________________ • ________________ against each other. • Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” features. • The word, tectonic, refers to the ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Plates are made of rigid lithosphere. The lithosphere is made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle. Convection Currents: The mantle is made of much denser, thicker material, because of this the plates "float" on it like oil floats on water. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ rising and repeating the cycle over and over. The next time you heat anything like soup or pudding in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents. A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth. Sea Floor Spreading: • Magma comes up from the mantle in the ocean • Pushes previous crust that creates Mid Ocean Ridges (mountain chains) on the sea bed • Magma creates new_________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Subduction of Crust • Opposite of mid ocean ridges • Earth’s crust is ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ • Continental crust and Oceanic Crust collide creates ____________________ • Ex. worlds oceanic trenches (deepest part of earth’s surface)