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Key Features of Early Seral Habitats for Wildlife Matt Lee Joan Hagar USGS-FRESC Matt Lee Matt Lee Matt Lee Following Natural Disturbance ... • Structure – Legacy trees and snags – Open (low tree density) – Large wood • Composition – Herbs and Grasses – Shrubs – Deciduous hardwoods Bob Altman Species associated with closed canopy forest also use early seral habitats… IF appropriate habitat elements are available Species that specialize on conifers Hemlock Looper Red Crossbill Red Tree Vole Many conifer forest associates rely on diversity of plants Spruce Grouse Elements of Quality Early Seral Habitat Residual trees and snags D. Vesely Matt Lee Cavity-nesters in burned forests • Fire-killed snags are important resource for foraging and nesting • Many species respond negatively to salvage logging Bob Altman Early Seral Habitat for Reptiles •Basking •Prey D. Vesely Dead Wood as Refugia D. Vesely Plant Diversity = Food Resources • • • • Foliage Nectar Fruits Seeds Plant Diversity: foundation of food webs Matt Lee Arthropods • Insect diversity correlated with plant diversity • Deciduous species support more insects • Influence of deciduous litter on soil food webs? Peter LaTourrette Importance of Early Seral Broadleaf Communities to Avian Biodiversity 30 Year Trend for Swainson’s Thrush from Tillamook S.F. BBS Route 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 Creating Early Seral Habitat? Effects of Conifer-centric Forest Management on Early Seral Habitat • Fewer residual structures • Altered vegetation composition – Alters patterns of food abundance – Reduces diversity of food resources – Alters food webs • Reduced temporal span Consequences of reduced temporal span of early seral habitats • Limit on shrub size and age • Shortens duration of shrubby habitat • Reduced persistence of shrubs into midaged forests Restoration of Late Seral Forest • Emphasizes large trees • Size limit on harvest area on federal lands • What will understory look like? Keep all the pieces
