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Ancient Greece Study Guide (p. 114)
Section 1—Early People of the Aegean
1. Read “Zeus Kidnaps Europa” at the top of the page. Where does the text suggest Crete
(and hence early Greek) culture came from?
2. After what legendary king did the British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans name the culture
he found on Crete?
3. What was the primary activity of the Minoans and what two major cultures influenced
their ideas?
4. Where is the massive palatial capital of Minoan culture?
5. Define shrines:
6. Define frescoes:
7. What are five things we can learn from the Minoan frescoes?
8. Provide 4 potential causes of the fall of Minoan civilization.
9. Who replaced the Minoans and left us a written record we can decipher?
10. What type of language did the Mycenaean people speak?
11. What did Mycenaean kings build on the mainland and how did they rule?
12. What two groups fought against each other in the Trojan War, where was Troy likely
located and who is said to have won?
13. Define straits:
14. Who excavated in Turkey and may have found the location of Troy?
15. Who invaded from the North causing a “dark age” and forced many Mycenaeans to flee?
16. To what blind poet are the Iliad and Odyssey attributed and what was the nature of these
tales for generations?
17. Who is Achilles and what does he struggle with in the Iliad?
18. Who is Odysseus and what is his primary challenge in the Odyssey?
19. What three major values do the Iliad and Odyssey advocate for Greeks?
20. What would Greek civilization eventually accomplish after its emergence from the
Dorian invasion?
The Rise of Greek City-States (pp. 118-123)
21. Define polis:
22. Describe the geographical and political organizational differences between Greece and
Egyptian or Persian civilizations.
23. What was caused by the existence of many fiercely independent city-states of Greece?
24. While __________ divided Greeks from one another, the __________ provided a vital
link to the world outside.
25. List several items that the Greeks traded or traded for throughout the Mediterranean.
26. What extremely important thing did the Greeks adopt from the Phoenicians?
27. What did population growth force many Greeks to do and what was the impact of this?
28. Define acropolis:
29. Define citizens:
30. Describe the lifestyle of most Greek men.
31. Who held all the political power in Greece?
32. Define monarchy:
33. Define aristocracy:
34. Define oligarchy:
35. What replaced bronze in weaponry and armor around 650 B.C. in Greece?
36. Define phalanx:
37. How did the phalanx style of fighting help reduce class differences?
38. Who originally settled and built the city-state of Sparta?
39. Define helots:
40. What did the fact that the vast majority of the people living on Sparta-controlled lands
were helots mean in regard to the way Sparta organized itself?
41. Who advised Sparta’s two kings?
42. What qualifications were necessary to be citizens of Sparta (Spartiates) and how were
they organized?
43. What is an ephor and what was their job?
44. What did Sparta do to its sickly infants?
45. At what age did boys enter the military barracks?
46. Describe life in the agoge (barracks).
47. At what age could a man marry?
48. Describe the activities and rights of women in Sparta.
49. Describe how Spartans viewed trade, travel and new ideas.
50. What group held power in Athens by 700 B.C.?
51. What groups gradually grew discontented with the aristocracy in Athens?
52. Define democracy:
53. Describe the reforms of Solon.
54. Define tyrants:
55. Describe the reforms of Pisistratus.
56. Describe the reforms of Cleisthenes.
57. Define legislature:
58. In what ways was the democracy in Athens very limited?
59. How were women viewed by men in Athens and in what area of public life could they
exercise a significant role?
60. Provide six areas of learning explored by young Athenian men who could afford it.
61. What factors helped unite Greek city-states despite their tendency to attack and kill one
another?
62. List and describe four ancient Greek gods. Where did these gods live according to the
Greeks?
63. What word did the Greeks have for foreigners?
Section 3: Conflict in the Greek World (pp. 124-129)
64. How did the Ionian Greek city-states of Asia Minor feel about Persian rule despite having
a largely self-governing situation?
65. What did Athens do to help them?
66. Where did a punitive Persian force land against Athens and what was the result of this
battle?
67. Who encouraged the Athenians to build a fleet of warships in preparation for battle with
the Persians?
68. Who sent a much larger force to Greece to crush the Athenians later in 480 B.C.?
69. Who defended the narrow opening at Thermopylae and what was the result of this battle?
70. What did the Persians do to Athens?
71. What happened to the Persian fleet at Salamis and who watched it by the shoreline?
72. How did the victory over Persia change how the Greeks viewed themselves?
73. Define alliance:
74. What is the Delian League and what was its original purpose?
75. How did the Athenians use the Delian League?
76. What paradox did Athens come to represent with regard to the ideas of democracy and
freedom?
77. Who led Athens during much of its golden age?
78. Define direct democracy and explain how it differs from modern democracies.
79. What reform did Pericles institute which allowed a broader democracy?
80. Define stipend:
81. Define jury:
82. Define ostracism:
83. How did the rebuilding of the acropolis and other programs help Athens?
84. What other Greek league rose up to counter the power of the Delian League and what
power led it?
85. How long did the Peloponnesian War last?
86. What major problem caused the weakening and eventual loss of the Peloponnesian War
by Athens?
87. What did Sparta do to Athens at the end of the war (and what did they refuse to do)?
Section 4: The Glory That Was Greece (pp. 130-137)
88. What were early Greek thinkers driven by?
89. Define philosophers:
90. Define logic:
91. What was most important to the sophists?
92. Define rhetoric:
93. From whom do we learn about Socrates?
94. Socratic Method is a question and answer learning method. Why was this seen as a threat
to many Athenians?
95. What was Socrates accused of and what happened to him?
96. How did Plato feel about democracy and what was the name of the school he founded?
97. What did Plato believe could be accomplished through rational thought?
98. What was the name of Plato’s book about government, into what three classes did he
divide society and who should rule this ideal society?
99. How did Plato view women?
100. Who is Aristotle, why was he suspicious of democracy and how did he think people
should live?
101. What is the name and significance of the school set up by Aristotle?
102. Explain is the goal of Greek architecture, explain the long-term significance of it and
name its most famous building.
103. How did Greek sculptors try to depict gods and humans in their statues?
104. What are the only surviving paintings by the Greeks we still have today?
105. Who were two great Greek poets and what subject matter did each concern themselves
with?
106. What did Greek dramas evolve out of, to what god were dramas mostly devoted and on
what were they usually based?
107. Name three major Greek playwrights and a play written by each.
108. Define tragedies:
109. What was the main purpose of tragedies?
110. Define comedies:
111. Who is Aristophanes and what play did he write?
112. Why is Herodotus known as the “Father of History”?
113. How did Thucydides improve on some of the contributions made to history given by
Herodotus?
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age (pp. 137-142)
114. How did the Greeks view Macedonia?
115. Who did Philip II (King of Macedonia) hire to teach his son, Alexander the Great?
116. What methods did Philip II use to gain territory and influence throughout Greece?
117. Define assassination:
118. What was the state of the Persian Empire under Darius III at the time of Alexander?
119. How far did Alexander eventually march to the East and why did he stop and return?
120. To whom did Alexander say his Empire should be given at his death?
121. How was Alexander’s Empire divided after his death?
122. What was Alexander’s most lasting achievement?
123. Who settled in the cities founded by Alexander and his generals?
124. Define assimilated:
125. What two things did Alexander do to encourage the blending of eastern and western
cultures?
126. What four major cultures did Hellenism blend together and what city was at the center
of it?
127. How many people lived in Alexandria, Egypt and what were two of its major
attractions?
128. How did Hellenism change the roles of women?
129. What new philosophy rose out of political turmoil during the Hellenistic period?
130. Who was the founder of Stoicism and what did he urge followers to do?
131. Provide a brief explanation of the contributions of the following people:
a. Pythagoras
b. Euclid
c. Aristarchus
d. Eratosthenes
e. Archimedes
f. Hippocrates
132. What is the Hippocratic Oath?