Download hoplites

Students will define the vocabulary
associated with Chapter 4.2
Tuesday, October 8, 2013
Bell Ringer
Define: Pages 112-117
•Hoplites
•Tyrant
•Democracy
•Oligarchy
•Ephors
Hoplites

Heavily armed infantry soldiers, or foot
soldiers in which the Greek military
system was based on.
Tyrant
-Rulers
who seized power by force from the
aristocrats.
Democracy
Government by the people or rule of the
many.
 A form of government in which all eligible
citizens participate equally

Oligarchy
Government by the few.
 A form of power structure in which
power effectively rests with a small
number of people.

Ephors

A group of five men that were elected
each year responsible for the education of
youth and the conduct of all citizens.
By 750 B.C. the city-state or what the Greeks
called a POLIS became the central focus of Greek
life. We get our word POLITICS from this word.
The polis served as a place where people from the
city as well as the surrounding countryside could
meet for POLITICAL , SOCIAL, and
RELIGIOUS activities.
The main gathering place in the polis was usually a hill with
a fortified area at the top called an ACROPOLIS.
Acropolis: Served as a place of refuge during an attack and
sometimes came to be a religious center on which temples and
public buildings were built.
-
Below the acropolis was an AGORA.
Place where people could ASSEMBLE and served as a market.
Varied in size from a few square miles to a few
HUNDRED square miles.
Also varied in POPULATION; Athens had more than
300,000 by 5th century B.C.
Community of the City State
The polis above all was a place where people shared a common
IDENTITY and common goals.
-
The community consisted of:
o
Citizens with political rights ( ADULT MALES)
o
Citizens with no political rights ( WOMEN and CHILDREN)
Noncitizens ( LABORERS, slaves, and resident aliens )
Aristotle argued that a citizen did not belong to himself or
herself but to the STATE.
By 700 B.C. the city-states had developed a
military system based on HOPLITES.
o
Hoplites: heavily armed infantry soldiers that
carried a round shield, a short sword, and a thrusting
spear about 9 feet long.
Went into battle as a unit, marching shoulder to
shoulder in a rectangular formation known as a
PHALANX
This wall of shields protected the hoplites during battle.
Sparta
•Needed
more land
•Conquered Laconians and Messenians
•Made them helots (slaves)
•Military discipline by Spartans
•Joined military at age 30
• Oligarchy led by 2 kings
•ART OF WAR was the main focus
Athens
Oligarchy led by aristocrats
 Full power given to Solon

◦
◦
◦
•
Freed slaves
Cancelled debt
Could not avoid Tyranny
Peisistratus took over
• Aided trade
• Gave aristocrats land to peasants
• His son was overthrown
Cleisthenes then took over creating Athenian
Democracy
Directions

Complete the reading strategy worksheet
identifying the disadvantages and
advantages of the three types of
governments used in Ancient Greece.