Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
ELIZABETH SWAN MARCH 2017 • To be able to understand the social, political and economic features of Athenian and Spartan society between 800 and 454BCE • To understand the impact of the physical environment on the development of Greek society • To be able to analyse the importance of the social classes to the functioning of Athenian and Spartan society * Collapse of Mycenaean civilization c. 12001050 BCE * Dorian invasion c. 1200-1000 BCE * Pre-Dorian population migrates to the islands & Asia Minor inc. the Ionians * Emergence of the polis c. 800 BCE *We see the ‘polis’ emerge after the ‘Dark Ages’ *The idea of ‘Greece’, as we know it today, did not exist at the time. It comprised of several independent ‘poleis’ *We often refer to the ‘polis’ as a ‘city-state’ which is not entirely accurate *Literal meaning in Greek – city *Closer to a body of citizens / a community * Acropolis – the city centre, home of administration of the polis * A city (sometimes walled – e.g. Athens) built around the acropolis home to many people * Villages external to the city extending out to the countryside * An autonomous society with a distinct political, cultural, religious and economic structure * No concrete evidence, but many suggestions as to the reasons for the development of the polis * HISTORICAL * Related to the need to defend the settlement against potential threats * GEOGRAPHICAL * The origin of the Acropolis * ECONOMIC * Central markets * POLITICAL * Everyone wanted to play a part in the running of the community *MOUNTAINOUS *NUMEROUS VALLEYS *LITTLE FLAT LAND *DEEPLY INDENTED COASTLINE *MANY SAFE HARBOURS * INLAND & MOUNTAINS * Cold, severe winters * Hot, harsh summers * Little rain in summer * SOUTH AND EAST * Sunny * Moderate * ATHENS * SPARTA * CORINTH * THEBES * SYRACUSE * AEGINA * RHODES * ARGOS * EUPATRIADE * Nobles and land owners * Held all high offices * Sat in the council of the Aeropagus * GEORGOI * Small farmers * Could sit in assembly and vote * DEMIOURGOI * Craftsmen * Could sit in assembly and vote * THETES * Free but landless * No political rights * SPARTIATES * Born into or adopted by a Spartan family * Owned land and paid community fees * Full time soldiers * PERIOECI * No Spartan parents * Had legal protections * Could not own land or vote * HELOTS * Born as slaves * Oppressed by Spartiates * Worked the land *DEMOCRATIC *PUBLIC PARTICIPATION *FOCUS ON RELAXATION *FOCUS ON POLITICS *MILITARISTIC *INCLUSIVE *RESPECT *SPARSE *FOCUS ON BOYS *BASED UPON BIRTH/WEALTH STATUS *FOCUS ON POLITICAL TRAINING *GIRLS GENERALLY EDUCATED IN THE HOME *FOCUS ON BOYS AND MILITARY *LIFE IN MILITARY UNTIL THE AGE OF 30 *GIRLS EDUCATED IN A SIMILAR WAY, BUT NOT MILITARY *IN CHARGE OF RUNNING THE HOUSEHOLD *GENERALLY DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN PUBLIC LIFE/POLITICS *CONSIDERED PROPERTY OF HUSBANDS *HIGH RELIGIOUS POSTS FOR SOME *TREATED MORE EQUALLY TO THE MEN THAN ATHENIAN WOMEN *ACCESS TO EDUCATION *COULD OWN AND CONTROL PROPERTY *SOCIETAL FOCUS ON POLITICS AND DIPLOMACY AS OPPOSED TO MILITARY *NAVAL PROWESS *BOYS ONLY HAD TO DO 2 YEARS MILITARY SERVICE *HIGHLY MILITARISTIC SOCIETY *SUBSTANSIAL LAND ARMY *BOYS BEGAN MILITARY TRAINING AT AGE 7 AND WERE DEDICATED TO THE STATE UNTIL AGE 30 *DIRECT DEMOCRACY *ELECTED OFFICIALS *COUNCIL OF 500 *ASSEMBLY *OLIGARCHY *SOME ELEMENTS OF *MONARCHY *DEMOCRACY *ARISTOCRACY *AGRICULTURE *TRADE *HIGHLY PROSPEROUS *AGRICULTURE *NOT ALWAYS RELIABLE