* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Victory Gardens
Operation Bodyguard wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Causes of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Naval history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II wikipedia , lookup
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
End of World War II in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Allied war crimes during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
British propaganda during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
The War That Came Early wikipedia , lookup
Yalta Conference wikipedia , lookup
Americans join war effort Needed soldiers • 5 million volunteered • 10 million drafted Labor shortage at home 6 million women join labor force 2 million minorities hired Industrial response • Automobile plants were converted to build tanks, armored vehicles, etc. • Factories across nation convert to war production • Shipbuilder Henry J Kaiser – Liberty ships could be built in 2 weeks – 2,700 would be built during the war The Homefront • The United States gov’t stirs patriotic feelings • Movies are used to build morale • Propaganda is used to keep war effort going Education for Death Racist Propaganda cartoon http://www.ethicurean.com/wp-content/uploads/image/plant-victory-garden.jpg • civilians rationed goods/supplies and planted “Victory Gardens” Propaganda http://z.about.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/R/O/propaganda_quiet.jpg http://www.teacheroz.com/images/homes.gif http://www.usmm.org/p/looselips.jpg http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/1940sphotos/posters/ridewithhitler.jpg Women Enter the Workforce http://www.edupics.com/en-coloring-pictures-pages-photo-rosie-the-riveter-p7219.jpg http://www.rosietheriveterphotos.com/images/070705172615_Woman_Working_a_ War_Job_LG.jpg Japanese Americans Interned • Many Americans distrusted Japanese – Americans (Nisei) • Thousands of Japanese -Americans were forced into Internment Camps in the Midwest throughout WWII http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/images/japanese-evacuation.jpg http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/imagefolder/japaneseinternment.jpg Internment Camp http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/wwcod/image8-2.gif http://education.eastwestcenter.org/asiapacificed/ph2006/PH2006projects/7_clip_image001.jpg With the U.S. now at war • We’ll divide our study of the war into 2 geographic areas: • The European Theater of Operations (the ETO)…Europe and No. Africa • The Pacific Theater of Operations (the PTO) The Nazis had broken their pact w/USSR: Operation Barbarossa (June 1941) By 1942 : War not going well for the Allies: – Germany controlled all of Europe and N. Africa and were deep into Russia Gloomy Prospects for the Allies The chain of spectacular victories disguised a fatal weakness within the Axis alliance: Japan and Germany fought separate wars, they never coordinated strategies. The early defeats also obscured the Allies’ strengths: The manpower of the Soviet Union and the productive capacity of the U.S. Turning Points of the War: The Battle of Stalingrad • The Pivotal battle in the war in Europe The German Army (“Wehrmacht”) had already lost 2 million men on the eastern front. • In 1942-43, a German army of over 300,000 was defeated and captured at the Battle of Stalingrad. • Scenes from Enemy at the Gates: Enemy at the Gates • The Germans then lost the battle of Kursk and began a long retreat. • The Red Army crossed into Poland in January 1944. Stalingrad House by house… Brick by brick North Africa: El Alamein • In 1942 German forces tried to seize Egypt and the Suez Canal • American invasion: “Operation Torch” • Yanks and Brits drove Germans out • Turning point in N. Africa: El Alamein Defeat of Italy (1943) • Invasion of Sicily opened door for invasion of Italy • Allies fought their way north up the “boot” • Mussolini forced to flee… captured , executed, and hung by his heels by anti-Mussolini Italians The Doolittle Raid • April, 1942 • Col. Jimmy Doolittle (related to me!) put together mission to bomb Tokyo & other targets IN Japan • Bombers taking off a carrier? • Military value? Not much • Psychological value? HUGE moral boost for American public • Movie Trailer: Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo The Pacific Theater: Early Battles • American Forces halted the Japanese advance in two decisive naval / air battles. – Coral Sea (May 1942) • U.S. stopped a fleet carrying Japanese troops to New Guinea • Japanese designs on Australia ended – Midway (June 1942) • Japanese Admiral Yamamoto hoped to capture Midway Island as a base to attack Pearl Harbor again • U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz caught the Japanese by surprise and sank 3 of the 4 aircraft carriers, 332 planes, and 3500 men. U.S. strategy to defeat Japan: “Island-hopping” • No need to capture EVERY island…”hop” over some, leaving Japanese troops isolated • 1 island chain after another U.S. Marines assault an island Allied Island – Hopping (1942-45) Europe: Operation Overlord • Stalin had pressed FDR and Churchill for over a year to open a 2nd front against the Nazis…a cross-Channel invasion • All logistics in place for the invasion of Normandy, France in June, 1944 June 6, 1944: D - Day • Combined American, British, Canadian assault • Dwight D. Eisenhower: Supreme Allied Commander Invasion of Europe (con.t) • Allies cont. drive into France…by Aug., 1944: liberation of Paris The Allies Advance •Into Holland: “Operation Market Garden” •Into Belgium: •Nazis mount major counter-offensive •Battle of the Bulge Germany’s Defeat Americans advanced into Germany from the west while the Russians closed in on Berlin from the east American and Russian soldiers meet at the Elbe River Berlin 1945 Hitler’s Last Days In the underground bunker: committed suicide with companion Eva Braun With Berlin in ruins, the Nazis surrendered May, 1945 Victory in Europe at last Time Magazine cover - 1945 Sec. 4 The Politics of War The Wartime Conferences • The Allied Leaders met several times during the War to discuss goals and to map strategy : Yalta Conference: Feb. ‘45 • The most important conference was at Yalta: Churchill, FDR, & Stalin • The Allies were clearly winning the war and the end seemed near. The questions of what would happen once Germany was defeated were of huge importance: The Polish Question • Stalin maintained that historically, Poland had been used as a corridor to invade Russia… • He therefore believed it was critical that Poland become a “buffer zone” , meaning that a Polish gov’t friendly to Russia was necessary • Translation: “friendly” gov’t = communist gov’t. • The Big 3 agreed that free elections were to be held in Poland…let the people choose their own gov’t. Yalta Conference (1945) • A 2nd point: USSR would enter war against Japan once Germany was defeated • A 3rd point: Germany would be divided and occupied by the Allies • Other points of agreement: – War-crimes trials – Further discussion on creating a United Nations Potsdam Conference: July ‘45 • In the Berlin suburb of Potsdam: – Churchill – Truman (FDR had died) – Stalin Potsdam • Stalin balked at free elections in Poland • Specifics of Germany’s occupation after the war Berlin • The capital city which lay entirely in the Russian zone of occupation was ALSO divided into 4 zones War, the Bomb, and Final Victory Sec. 5 After V-E Day: War in the Pacific • Focus turns to Japan • US continues “island-hopping” strategy • Goal: control of islands close enough to Japan to stage bombing raids Iwo Jima and Okinawa Hiroshima & Nagasaki FDR had died in office and new President Harry S. Truman learned of a new weapon. He ordered it to be used Atomic Bomb http://www.nd.edu/%7Edlindley/govt491/Nagasakiburnvictim.jpg http://www.upa.pdx.edu/IMS/currentprojects/TAHv3/PNGs/nagasaki _bomb.jpg Hiroshima: Aug. 6th, 1945 No surrender: Japanese military attempted a coup to seize power from the Emperor…wanted to continue to fight Aug. th 9 : nd 2 bomb on Nagasaki Victory over Japan: VJ-DAY Aug 15, 1945 Victory Over Japan Day Formal Japanese Surrender aboard USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay The U.S.S. Indianapolis Quint's monologue: (Jaws, 1976)