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Day 3: Types of Minerals Properties of Minerals Classification of minerals Day 3: What is a ___________? How are minerals __________? (grouped) What are some of the ______________ that can be used to _____________ a mineral? What is a Mineral? Made up of same _______________ _________-formed __________ Pyromorphite __________structure What do all minerals have in common? All: 1. Are formed by _________ processes. 2. Are NOT alive and NEVER were alive 3. 4. Are elements or compounds with a ___________chemical makeup Are made up of particles that are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over (called __________________) Watch “Crystals” by Brainpop… 1.What element are diamonds made from? _______________________________ _______________________________ 2. What do all crystals have in common? _______________________________ _______________________________ Classifying/Grouping Minerals Classification Grouping of Minerals Minerals are classified/grouped by the ________________ they are made of. Beryl (Emerald) Calcite Amethyst Mineral Group Characteristics Contain Silicates oxygen & silica The most abundant group of minerals MICA Examples Quartz, mica Quartz Mineral Group Characteristics Make Non-Silicates Silver up only 5% of the Earth’s crust Include some of the most important minerals Examples iron, copper, gold, silver, diamonds, rubies Copper Diamond Gold Ruby Iron Mineral Group Carbonates Characteristics Carbon Examples & Calcite (CaCO3) oxygen and a positive ion, such as calcium Calcite with Duftite inclusions Mineral Group Oxides Characteristics Metallic ion and oxygen Examples Hematite (Fe2)O3 Mineral Group Sulfides Characteristics Sulfur and a metallic ion Examples Galena (PbS) Mineral Group Sulfates Barite on Calcite BaSo4 / CaCO3 Characteristics Metallic Sulfur & oxygen ion, Barite BaSo4 Examples Barite (BaSO4) Mineral Group Native Elements Characteristics Single elements Examples Gold (Au), Diamond (C), Silver (Ag) Physical Properties We use the following properties to help identify minerals: Color Luster Streak Hardness Cleavage/Fracture Color Geologists do not depend on this: Can be _______________ Can _________ with because of impurities Luster Luster Surface ___________ _______________ = shiny like metal _______________ = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster Streak Streak The _________of the _________ form of the mineral When you rub a mineral against plate The color of the streak can be ___________ than the mineral Minerals must be ________ than the streak plate Streak…can help identify quartz http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html Hardness Hardness How easily a mineral __________ materials Mohs Hardness Scale Scale from 1 (________) to 10 (_________) Test by seeing if the mineral can _________ different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file) Cleavage/Fracture Cleavage & Fracture The way the mineral ____________ Cleavage—minerals break along _________flat surfaces and every fragment has the same general shape Fracture—minerals that break at _________with _______ or ______edges Cleavage or Fracture? 1. 4. 2. 3. Other Properties Other Properties Specific gravity (*excellent clue to mineral’s identity) Attraction to ________ Bending of light Reaction with hydrochloric ________ __________ & _________ http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b4.html Brainpop—“Mineral Identification” 1. If a mineral can scratch your fingernail, the mineral is _______________ than your fingernail. 2. What is luster?