Download Chapter 2 / Section 2 Sparta and Athens - Ms-Jernigans-SS

Before 10/16
Copy the questions down on the same page as
yesterday.
5. What is the name of the Cyclops that traps
Odysseus and his men?
6. What name does Odysseus give to fool the
Cyclops?
7. Describe the process that the Greeks go
through to escape the cave?
Chapter 4 / Section 2
Sparta
Labeling Notes
Fold your paper in half
vertically.
Label the left side “My Notes”
Label the right side “Teacher
Notes
”
Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs.
125-126)
Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs. 125-126)
By the end of the Dark Age, nobles who owned large farms
seized power from the Greek kings.
Small farms owners had to borrow money from the nobles
and often could not repay their debts.
These farmers lost their land and had to work for the nobles
or were sold into slavery.
This unhappiness led to the rise of tyrants (ty*ruhnt), or
people who take power by force and rule with total authority.
Tyrants overthrew the nobles during the 600’s B.C.
Tyrants gained and maintained their popularity by
building marketplaces, temples, and walls.
Greeks did not like rule by one person – they
wanted all citizens to participate in the government.
Greeks created oligarchies and democracies.
An oligarchy (ah*luh*gahr*kee) is a form of
government in which a few people hold power.
A democracy (dih*mah*kruh*see) is a form of
government in which all citizens share power.
Sparta was an oligarchy.
Athens was a democracy.
Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127)
Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127)
Sparta was founded by the Dorians.
To obtain more land, Spartans conquered and
enslaved their neighbors, calling them helots
(heh*lots).
To keep the helots from rebelling, the Spartans
created a strong military of boys and men.
Boys entered the military at age 7 and were harshly
treated to make them tough.
At age 20, men entered the regular army and lived
in barracks for 10 years.
At age 30 they could return home but served in the
military until age 60.
Spartan Women
Spartan girls were trained in sports to stay fit and
become healthy mothers.
Wives lived at home while their husbands lived in
the barracks.
As a result, Spartan women were freer than other
Greek women.
Spartan’s Government
The Spartan government was an oligarchy
containing two branches: a council of elders and an
assembly.
Two kings headed the council of elders which
included 28 citizens over the age of 60.
All Spartan men over the age of 30 belonged to the
assembly.
They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5
ephurs (eh*fuhrs) each year to enforce laws and
collect taxes.
To maintain control of the country, the Spartan
government kept out foreign visitors.
They banned foreign travel for any reason but
military ones.
The government frowned upon its citizens studying
literature or the arts.
Although Sparta had a superior army, it fell behind
other Greeks in trade, science, and other subjects.
Before 10/22
Add to any other notes you have on the book.
1. What instructions does Odysseus give
to the crew about the bag of winds?
2. What were the Laestrygonians?
3. How many ships made it out of the
Laestrygonians harbor?
Athens (pgs. 128-130)
The citizens of Athens raised their children very
differently from those of Sparta.
Boys went to school and were taught reading,
writing, arithmetic, to sing, and to play the lyre.
Athenian girls stayed home where their mothers
taught them spinning, weaving, and other household
duties.
Athenian Government
The government of early Athens was an oligarchy.
In 594 B.C., nobles turned to Solon (soh*luhn) to
reform the Athenian government.
Solon canceled all farmers’ debts, freed those
farmers who had become slaves, and allowed all
male citizens to participate in the assembly.
Solon’s reforms were popular among the common
people.
The tyrant Peisistratus (py*sihs*truht*uhs) seized
power in 560 B.C.
Peisistratus won the support of the poor by dividing
large estates among landless farmers.
He gave money and jobs to poor people.
Democracy in Athens
The most important leader after Peisistratus died
was Cleisthenes (klys*thus*neez).
Cleisthenes took power in 508 B.C. and is credited
for creating a democracy in Athens.
Cleisthenes reorganized the assembly, or Ekklesia
(ek*layz*ee*uh), and gave them more power.
Most importantly, Cleisthenes created a new council
of 500 citizens called a Boule (boo*lay) to help the
assembly carry out daily business.
Athenians chose the members of the council each
year in a lottery which they believed to be fairer than
an election that might favor the rich.