Download Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

A verb
A word that describes an action
(read, walk) or an occurrence
(happen, become) or indicates a
state of being (is, exist)
Action Verbs
Tells what action (mental or
physical) someone or something
is performing
Transitive Action verbs
• The action of the verb transfers directly to
the receiver of the action, the direct object.
The receiver is in the sentence.
Jason bought the car.
action verb
direct object
Ask the question: _______what? Or _______ who?
verb
If the question is answered, the verb is transitive.
verb
Intransitive Action verbs
• The receiver of the action is not
named in the sentence.
adverb
prepositional phrase
Jason bought continually at the sale.
action verb
no direct object
The sentence doesn’t tell us what Jason bought.
Ask the question: _______what? Or _______ who?
verb
verb
If the question is NOT answered, the verb is intransitive.
Note: Subjects, verbs, and direct objects are
never in prepositional phrases.
Transitive or Intransitive
• Differing opinions drove the North and South
apart.
• The North and the South grew farther apart.
• The North fought continually for a central
government.
• The North developed an industrialized economy
that was not dependent on slavery.
• Northerners believed in government help for
citizens.
• Southerners used slaves to work their cotton
plantations.
Transitive or Intransitive
• A strong central government would also interfere
with slavery.
• Some people thought the issues unresolvable.
• The Southern states used slaves to support their
economy.
• The North’s trading and financial interests
benefited from a strong central government.
• Neither the North nor the South dominated in the
Senate.
• Most Northerners believed slavery immoral.
Transitive or Intransitive
• Few Northerners, however, strongly opposed
slavery.
• Other territories struggled over the question of
being “free” or “slave.”
• Southerners rejected Lincoln’s position on
slavery.
• The North supported Lincoln in his fight to end
slavery.
• The North and South prepared for war.
Linking Verbs
Linking verbs
• Linking verbs do not show action
• A linking verb connects/links the subject
with a word that—
describes or identifies the subject.
(predicate adjective)
(predicate noun)
Bill sounds strong.
Bill is a cyclist.
• If you can substitute am, is, or are (or any
“be” verb) for the verb, it is likely a linking
verb.
Common Linking Verbs
• Be verbs
– is
– are
– was
– were
– am
– being
– been
– be
• Linking verbs (most may also be
used as action verbs)
– grow
– appear
– seem
– look
– become
– sound
– remain
– taste
– stay
– smell
– turn
– feel
Action or Linking?
1. The first passenger cars on trains looked very
different from today’s cars.
2. For one thing, they resembled horse-drawn
carriages.
3. Larger passenger cars were developed before
the American Civil War.
4. Each of these cars held more than fifty
passengers.
5. Before the 1900s, all passenger cars were
made entirely of wood.
Helping Verbs
Helping verbs usually precede (come before) the main verb.
The main verb is the last verb in the verb phrase.
Be verbs (if
followed by a
• Other helping verbs
main verb)
– do
– shall
– can
– is
– does
– should
– could
– are
– did
– will
– may
– was
– would
– might
– were
– has
– must
– am
– have
– been
– had
– be
•Present participles (-ing verbs) that function as main verbs,
must have helping verbs.
•Adverbs sometimes interrupt the verb phrase.
Verb Phrases
• include the main verb and all helping verbs
– He had walked home.
– Max has often preferred to carry his lunch.
– By Monday we will have studied all the verbs
on the chart.
Verb phrases
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Our cat Sophie has been living with us for 8 years.
Alisa went to the hockey game.
Yes he did explain his project to the teacher.
Rosita could have won first place.
The speaker has been delayed because of traffic.
The singers are preparing for the concert.
Steve is bringing his tennis racquet.
They have often hiked to the top of the mountain.
Verbs
Principal Parts
6 Tenses
Active and Passive Voice
Troublesome Verbs
4 Principal Parts of Verbs
Present
base verb
Present
Participle
(helping verb) + -ing
form of verb
Past
Past Participle
-ed or irregular
form of verb
(helping verb) + -ed
or irregular form of
verb
talked
tried
remembered
said
ran
burst
swam
(h-verb) talked
(h-v) tried
(always the –ing form)
talk
try
remember
say
run
burst
swim
(h-verb) talking
(h-v) trying
(h-v) remembering
(h-v) saying
(h-v) running
(h-v) bursting
(h-v) swimming
(h-v) remembered
(h-v) said
(h-v) run
(h-v) burst
(h-v) swum
Principal Parts of Troublesome Verbs
Present
Present
Participle
Past
did
Past Participle
(hv)done
done cannot be used as main
verb without a helping verb
do
(hv)doing
drag
(hv)dragging dragged (hv)dragged
drug is not a form of the verb
drag
go
lay
lie
(hv)going
(hv)laying
(hv)lying
went
(hv)gone
laid
(hv)laid
takes a direct object
lay
(hv)lain
does not take a direct object
set
sit
raise
(hv)setting
(hv)sitting
(hv)raising
set
sat
raised
(hv)set
(hv)sat
(hv)raised
takes a direct object
rise
(hv)rising
rose
(hv)risen
does not take a direct object
teach
learn
(hv)teaching taught
(hv)learning learned
(hv)taught
(hv)learned
Means “to give knowledge”
does not take a direct object
takes a direct object
Means “to receive
knowledge”
Active or Passive Voice
• A verb is in active voice when the subject of
the verb performs the action.
The students wrote the notes.
subject and
performer of action
verb
The subject and the
performer of the action
are the same.
• A verb is in passive voice when the subject of
the verb does not perform the action.
The notes were written by the students.
subject
verb phrase
performer of action
The subject
and the
performer of
the action are
NOT the
same.
Passive Voice
• Sometimes, in passive voice, the performer of
the action is not in the sentence.
The notes were written during class.
subject
verb phrase
This sentence doesn’t
say who wrote the notes.
The performer of
the action can be
dropped from the
sentence in
passive voice.
• In passive voice the performer of the action is
often moved to a position after the verb and
put into a prepositional phrase.
The notes were written by the students.
subject
verb phrase
performer of action
in a prepositional phrase