Download Review - Plant Systems 15

Name ____________________________
Period ___________
10B - Plant Systems Review
1. What do plants need to survive? Water, minerals (micronutrients), and nutrients (food).
2. What are the two plant systems? Shoot and Root system
3. Plants take in __CO2__ gas and release ___O2___ gas through an opening called stoma.
4. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactants: Water and carbon dioxide (and sunlight) Products: Glucose and Oxygen
5. What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
Reactants: Glucose and oxygen Products: water and carbon dioxide (and ATP)
6. Label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplast, and mitochondria.
Plant Cell
ribosomes
mitochondria
cell membrane
vacuole
nucleus
cell wall
chloroplast
7. What is the function of a chloroplast? Absorb sunlight and convert it to sugar molecules
8. Why are plants green? Cells contain chloroplasts which have chlorophyll which reflects light to make plant look green
9. Where does most of the photosynthesis take place in the leaf? Palisade mesophyll. Why? Closest tissue to the sun.
10. Fill in the following boxes as either vascular or nonvascular plants, and describe how they transport food and water.
Transports materials
(food, water, minerals)
Mosses
Nonvascular
(Absorb water and
nutrients directly)
Ferns
Vascular
(xylem – water,
phloem – food)
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Vascular
(same as fern)
Vascular
(same as fern)
11. What is the function of the xylem? Transport water and minerals from soil into root hairs  roots  stem leaves
12. What is the function of the phloem? Transport sugar from leaves to rest of the plant
13. Compare and Contrast gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms
Leaves
Needles
Angiosperms
Broad leaves
Reproductive Organs
Cone
Flower
Seeds
Naked
Protected
Examples
Conifers (pine tree)
Flowering plants
14. How do mosses and ferns reproduce? Spores
15. What is the advantage of having root hairs? Provide large surface area  increased absorption
16. List plant organs.
17. Fill in the table.
Plant Organ
Function(s)
Root
Anchorage; water and mineral nutrient absorption; storage of sugar, transport water, minerals and sugar
Leaf
Photosynthesis; gas exchange; transpiration (loss of water)
Stem
Transport (xylem and phloem); support for leaves and flowers; storage of food
Flower
Sexual reproduction
18.
19.
20.
21.
How does water enter a root? From soil - through root hairs
By what process? Osmosis
How do minerals enter a root? Through root hairs from soil.
By what process? Active transport
22. Describe the functions of taproot and fibrous root.
Type of root
Taproot
Store food, get water deep in ground
Fibrous root
Function
Form anchorage
23. To do photosynthesis a plant’s stoma must be open Why? To allow for gas exchange – need CO2 to make glucose
O2, CO2, and H2O are involved in gas exchange. Indicate what enters and what leaves the leaf through stomata.
CO2
O2, H2O
24. Define transpiration. Loss of water from plants
25. How does water move up the stem against gravity? Capillary action
26. What is cohesion? Water attracted to itself
27. What is adhesion? Water attracted to other things
28. What is capillary action? Tendency of water to rise in a hollow tube
29. What is pollen? Male gametes – sperm cells
30. Where is pollen produced in a plant? In the anther
31. What is a fruit? Ripened ovary
32. Where are the eggs produced in the plant? Ovary
33. What is pollination? Process in which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organ of seed plants enabling
fertilization and reproduction
34. Why is animal pollination more efficient than wind pollination? animals provide a direct transfer of pollen
35. Where in the plant does mitosis take place? Leaves, stems, roots
Meiosis? flower
36. Label the parts of the flower and the function of each.
Petal
Anther
filament
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Sepal
stem
37. Use the word bank below to fill in the blanks. WORD BANK: embryo, style, ovary, ovule
Fertilization begins when a pollen tube grows into style  pollen travels down the tube and reaches ovary and then enters ovule
(egg)  egg & sperm unite to form a 2n - zygote (fertilized egg)  zygote develops into embryo.
38. What is the function of a seed? nourishment of the embryo; dispersal to a new location; dormancy during
unfavorable conditions
39. List some examples of seed adaptations. barbs to get tangled in animal fur; enclosed in fruit; have internal structure
that makes them buoyant; structures that increase hang time in the air
40. What is a tropism? Growth in response to stimuli
41. Fill in the table.
Tropism
Phototropism
Growth in response to LIGHT
Gravitropism
Growth in response to GRAVITY
Thigmotropism
Growth in response to TOUCH
Description
42. What type of tropism is the plant on the right responding to and how? Positive phototropism,
Shoot – negative gravitropism, roots – positive gravitropism, positive thigmotropism
43. What is germination? Process of plant growing from a seed
44. What is the importance of the cuticle? Prevent water loss (transpiration)
45. What conclusions can you draw from a plant that has lots of stomata? Might have more access to water (aquatic
plants)
46. What happens to the guard cells when the plant is lacking water? (flaccid)
Close stomata
When it has plenty of water? (turgid) open stomata
47. What type of adaptations might a plant have if it lived in a desert? Spines, thick cuticle, deep roots
48. What type of adaptations might a plant have if it lived in the tundra? Short stems
49. What type of plant adaptations might a plant have in the rainforest? Smooth bark, leaf tips pointed down
50. What type of plant adaptations might a plant have if it lived in an aquatic environment? Air spaces in stems
51. If an aquatic plant is placed near a light source and begins producing bubbles, what does that mean? What are those bubbles?
Photosynthesis is taking place; oxygen
52. How do plants respond to stimuli? Production of hormones
53. What is a hormone? Chemical that affects the way an organism functions
54. Describe the functions of the plant hormones.
Hormones
Functions
Auxin
Elongates cells for stem growth, triggers phototropism
Cytokinins
Promotes cell division and growth
Gibberellins
Causes seed germination
Ethylene
Causes fruit to ripen/ leaves to age
Abscisic acid
Prevents water loss; causes fruit dormancy and leaf fall