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Name ____________________________ Period ___________ 10B - Plant Systems Review 1. What do plants need to survive? Water, minerals (micronutrients), and nutrients (food). 2. What are the two plant systems? Shoot and Root system 3. Plants take in __CO2__ gas and release ___O2___ gas through an opening called stoma. 4. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis? Reactants: Water and carbon dioxide (and sunlight) Products: Glucose and Oxygen 5. What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration? Reactants: Glucose and oxygen Products: water and carbon dioxide (and ATP) 6. Label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplast, and mitochondria. Plant Cell ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane vacuole nucleus cell wall chloroplast 7. What is the function of a chloroplast? Absorb sunlight and convert it to sugar molecules 8. Why are plants green? Cells contain chloroplasts which have chlorophyll which reflects light to make plant look green 9. Where does most of the photosynthesis take place in the leaf? Palisade mesophyll. Why? Closest tissue to the sun. 10. Fill in the following boxes as either vascular or nonvascular plants, and describe how they transport food and water. Transports materials (food, water, minerals) Mosses Nonvascular (Absorb water and nutrients directly) Ferns Vascular (xylem – water, phloem – food) Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular (same as fern) Vascular (same as fern) 11. What is the function of the xylem? Transport water and minerals from soil into root hairs roots stem leaves 12. What is the function of the phloem? Transport sugar from leaves to rest of the plant 13. Compare and Contrast gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms Leaves Needles Angiosperms Broad leaves Reproductive Organs Cone Flower Seeds Naked Protected Examples Conifers (pine tree) Flowering plants 14. How do mosses and ferns reproduce? Spores 15. What is the advantage of having root hairs? Provide large surface area increased absorption 16. List plant organs. 17. Fill in the table. Plant Organ Function(s) Root Anchorage; water and mineral nutrient absorption; storage of sugar, transport water, minerals and sugar Leaf Photosynthesis; gas exchange; transpiration (loss of water) Stem Transport (xylem and phloem); support for leaves and flowers; storage of food Flower Sexual reproduction 18. 19. 20. 21. How does water enter a root? From soil - through root hairs By what process? Osmosis How do minerals enter a root? Through root hairs from soil. By what process? Active transport 22. Describe the functions of taproot and fibrous root. Type of root Taproot Store food, get water deep in ground Fibrous root Function Form anchorage 23. To do photosynthesis a plant’s stoma must be open Why? To allow for gas exchange – need CO2 to make glucose O2, CO2, and H2O are involved in gas exchange. Indicate what enters and what leaves the leaf through stomata. CO2 O2, H2O 24. Define transpiration. Loss of water from plants 25. How does water move up the stem against gravity? Capillary action 26. What is cohesion? Water attracted to itself 27. What is adhesion? Water attracted to other things 28. What is capillary action? Tendency of water to rise in a hollow tube 29. What is pollen? Male gametes – sperm cells 30. Where is pollen produced in a plant? In the anther 31. What is a fruit? Ripened ovary 32. Where are the eggs produced in the plant? Ovary 33. What is pollination? Process in which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organ of seed plants enabling fertilization and reproduction 34. Why is animal pollination more efficient than wind pollination? animals provide a direct transfer of pollen 35. Where in the plant does mitosis take place? Leaves, stems, roots Meiosis? flower 36. Label the parts of the flower and the function of each. Petal Anther filament Stigma Style Ovary Sepal stem 37. Use the word bank below to fill in the blanks. WORD BANK: embryo, style, ovary, ovule Fertilization begins when a pollen tube grows into style pollen travels down the tube and reaches ovary and then enters ovule (egg) egg & sperm unite to form a 2n - zygote (fertilized egg) zygote develops into embryo. 38. What is the function of a seed? nourishment of the embryo; dispersal to a new location; dormancy during unfavorable conditions 39. List some examples of seed adaptations. barbs to get tangled in animal fur; enclosed in fruit; have internal structure that makes them buoyant; structures that increase hang time in the air 40. What is a tropism? Growth in response to stimuli 41. Fill in the table. Tropism Phototropism Growth in response to LIGHT Gravitropism Growth in response to GRAVITY Thigmotropism Growth in response to TOUCH Description 42. What type of tropism is the plant on the right responding to and how? Positive phototropism, Shoot – negative gravitropism, roots – positive gravitropism, positive thigmotropism 43. What is germination? Process of plant growing from a seed 44. What is the importance of the cuticle? Prevent water loss (transpiration) 45. What conclusions can you draw from a plant that has lots of stomata? Might have more access to water (aquatic plants) 46. What happens to the guard cells when the plant is lacking water? (flaccid) Close stomata When it has plenty of water? (turgid) open stomata 47. What type of adaptations might a plant have if it lived in a desert? Spines, thick cuticle, deep roots 48. What type of adaptations might a plant have if it lived in the tundra? Short stems 49. What type of plant adaptations might a plant have in the rainforest? Smooth bark, leaf tips pointed down 50. What type of plant adaptations might a plant have if it lived in an aquatic environment? Air spaces in stems 51. If an aquatic plant is placed near a light source and begins producing bubbles, what does that mean? What are those bubbles? Photosynthesis is taking place; oxygen 52. How do plants respond to stimuli? Production of hormones 53. What is a hormone? Chemical that affects the way an organism functions 54. Describe the functions of the plant hormones. Hormones Functions Auxin Elongates cells for stem growth, triggers phototropism Cytokinins Promotes cell division and growth Gibberellins Causes seed germination Ethylene Causes fruit to ripen/ leaves to age Abscisic acid Prevents water loss; causes fruit dormancy and leaf fall