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CELLS & HEREDITY GRADE 7 CHAPTER 3, SECTION 2 Question 1. Who was Darwin and what did he observe? Answer Details Charles Darwin was a famous naturalist who is known for his theory EVOLUTION of He observed living species and the bones of once living species. *On a voyage around the world, Darwin was amazed by the tremendous . DIVERSITY among living things. *Today, scientists have identified more than 2.5 MILLION species of organisms * SPECIES a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring CPS #1-2 Galapagos Intro (2:17) Question 2. How did the organisms on the island compare to the organisms on the mainland? Answer Similar organisms had physical differences. Details *Example: Iguanas on the islands had large claws for GRIPPING ROCKS Iguanas on the mainland had small claws for CLIMBING TREES CPS #3-4 Galapagos Iguanas (5:36) Question 3. What is adaptation and evolution? Answer * ADAPTATIONS are traits that help an organism survive * EVOLUTION is the gradual change of species over time Details *Darwin thought species had become isolated from other members and gradually changed over many GENERATIONS becoming better adapted to different conditions. CPS #5 Question 4. What is natural selection? Answer Process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and REPRODUCE Details *Most species produce more offspring than can SURVIVE *Differences among members of a species makes some better fit for survival *Over time, natural selection can lead to evolution as helpful traits accumulate and unfavorable traits DISAPPEAR CPS #6 Question 5. How do genes play a role in evolution? Answer Details Only traits that are controlled by *Variations in a species occur because of differences in GENES can be acted on by natural selection GENES *Differences are caused by MUTATION or shuffling of alleles during MEIOSIS CPS #7 Question 6. How do new species form? Answer Details A group of individuals remains separated from the rest of its species long enough to evolve *This separation is called GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION different TRAITS *Occurred on a world-wide scale with continental DRIFT *Supercontinent landmass, PANGEA gradually split apart producing different species CPS #8-9 New Life in the Galapagos? (3:38) Sources: Video: www.unitedstreaming.com Pictures: http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conMediaFile.3815/outputRegister/lowhtml http://www.victory-cruises.com/darwin.html http://www.rockymountainphotoadventures.com/galapagos_wildlife.htm http://away.com/top_picks/wildlife_1.adp http://www.galapagosonline.com/nathistory/wildlife/animals/tortoise.htm http://www.ecuadorexplorer.com/andando/html/galapagos.html http://www.mobirds.org/Galleries/MThelenGalapagos.htm http://www.titusaroundtheworld.com/foto/galapagos_5.html http://www.darwinismrefuted.com/origin_of_species_02.html http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IEneeds.shtml http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/genome.html http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch17spec.html