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Name_____________________________________________________Period________ Introduction to Rocks and Minerals Lab Part 1 – Introduction to rocks 1. Write down some similarities and differences between the rocks on the table. Similarities Differences 2. From our discussion, what are some of the things that these rocks can tell us about the past? a. Shale b. Granite c. Limestone Minerals make up rocks. Minerals are important for scientists to understand because they help us understand how rocks formed, which tells us something about the past history of the earth. This information helps us to find valuable resources such as gold, silver, and crude oil. Part 2 – Minerals make up rocks 3. Observe the 4 minerals and write down 3 – 4 observations about each one. Mineral #1 Mineral #2 Mineral #3 Mineral #4 4. These four minerals are called Quartz, K-feldspar, Plagioclase feldspar, and biotite. Label them above with help from your teacher. 5. Draw a small diagram of the piece of granite. Try to determine where each mineral is in the granite and then label it on your diagram. If you have trouble finding them ask Mr. Jolley. Make sure everyone in your group gets a chance to see them. 6. For each mineral you need to describe the physical properties. Use the internet on your phone or an iPad to look up the properties. Organize your information in the table below. Property used to describe Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase Biotite and identify mineral. feldspar Hardness – should be a number between 1 and 10 Density Color Property used to describe and identify mineral. Luster – this describes how it reflects light Cleavage or Fracture – describes how it breaks Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase feldspar Biotite Crystal Shape – you can draw this or write the name. 7. Imagine that you have been given samples of the ten minerals listed in the Mohs Hardness Scale. However, instead of being labeled by name, the samples are labeled only with code letters. Use the clue and chart to determine the identity of each mineral. Then right your results in Table 1. Remember that if a mineral scratches another mineral, then it is harder than that mineral. If it gets scratched, then it is softer. Clues: Mohs Hardness Scale Table 1 1) Mineral A scratches minerals E and I, but it Mineral Hardness Code letter Mineral Name can be scratched by mineral J Talc 1 A 2) Mineral C can be scratched by every other Gypsum 2 B mineral. Calcite 3 C 3) Mineral E can scratch mineral I. Flourite 4 D 4) Mineral F can scratch only mineral C. Apatite 5 E 5) Mineral B can scratch mineral F, but all other Feldspar 6 F minerals can scratch it. Quartz 7 G 6) Mineral H can scratch every other mineral. Topaz 8 H 7) Mineral D can be scratched only by mineral H. Corundum 9 I 8) Mineral G can be scratched by minerals H and Diamond 10 J D; it can scratch mineral J. Part 3 – Rock Candy To make rock candy, you dissolve a lot of sugar in hot water, and then let it slowly crystallize over a couple of weeks. Answer the questions that follow from our discussion in class. 8. Describe how the crystallization of minerals happens. 9. What are two ways that minerals can form crystals? Mastery Check Questions 1. How are rocks and minerals related? 2. How can you tell if one mineral is harder or softer than another? 3. What is luster? Give examples of luster. 4. Define cleavage and fracture of minerals. Name_____________________________________________________Period________ Introduction to Rocks and Minerals Lab – Make-up assignment Part 1 – Introduction to rocks 1. Do a Google image search for “Rocks”. Look at the pictures and write down some similarities and differences between the rocks you see. Similarities Differences 2. Using the internet, research what each of the following rocks tell us about Earth’s past environment. a. Shale b. Granite c. Limestone Minerals make up rocks. Minerals are important for scientists to understand because they help us understand how rocks formed, which tells us something about the past history of the earth. This information helps us to find valuable resources such as gold, silver, and crude oil. Part 2 – Minerals make up rocks 3. Find images of each mineral on the internet. Write down 3 – 4 observations about each one. Quartz K-Feldspar Plagioclase feldspar Biotite 4. Now find an image of a piece of granite. Try to determine where each of the minerals above is in the granite. Draw a quick sketch of the granite and label each mineral. 5. For each mineral you need to describe the physical properties. Use the internet to look up the properties. Organize your information in the table below. Property used to describe Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase Biotite and identify mineral. feldspar Hardness – should be a number between 1 and 10 Density Color Property used to describe and identify mineral. Luster – this describes how it reflects light Streak – the color it leaves when you scratch it on a plate Quartz K-feldspar Plagioclase feldspar Biotite Cleavage or Fracture – describes how it breaks Crystal Shape – you can draw this or write the name. 6. Imagine that you have been given samples of the ten minerals listed in the Mohs Hardness Scale. However, instead of being labeled by name, the samples are labeled only with code letters. Use the clue and chart to determine the identity of each mineral. Then right your results in Table 1. Remember that if a mineral scratches another mineral, then it is harder than that mineral. If it gets scratched, then it is softer. Clues: Mohs Hardness Scale Table 1 9) Mineral A scratches minerals E and I, but it Mineral Hardness Code letter Mineral Name can be scratched by mineral J Talc 1 A 10) Mineral C can be scratched by every other Gypsum 2 B mineral. Calcite 3 C 11) Mineral E can scratch mineral I. Flourite 4 D 12) Mineral F can scratch only mineral C. Apatite 5 E 13) Mineral B can scratch mineral F, but all other Feldspar 6 F minerals can scratch it. Quartz 7 G 14) Mineral H can scratch every other mineral. Topaz 8 H 15) Mineral D can be scratched only by mineral H. Corundum 9 I 16) Mineral G can be scratched by minerals H and Diamond 10 J D; it can scratch mineral J.