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Transcript
Basic notions - Lexeme Lexical unit Phraseme Word Sememe Seme Lexeme - a bilateral unit – form (written and/or spoken) + meaning (sememe and semes) a family of lexical units covers a polysemous word with all its individual meanings originates in word-formation (e.g. by means of derivation – derivational affixes, compounding, blending, etc.) Lexical unit - the lexical unit as the union of a lexical form and a single sense refers to one particular meaning of a polysemous word (= a combination of a signifiant with one signifié within such a polysemous word) - originates in metonymy and metaphors EXAMPLE 1 - lexeme fox includes two lexical units: fox1 (animal) and fox2 (person) EXAMPLE 2 - the lexeme break: break1 (become not whole) vs break2 (cause become not whole). TASK Are the following words, lexemes or lexical units? Obey, obeys and obeyed. Phraseme (phrase) - a one-word unit a multi-word unit refers to constructions from phraseology does not refer to any of the grammatical terms (noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, prepositional phrase) Word vs lexeme - word = any free morpheme, lexical (nouns, verbs, adjectives) and/or morphological one (conjunctions, prepositions, articles, etc.), regardless of its meaning and/or function - lexeme = must express a particular lexical meaning - word may only have a form (either spoken or written) - but lexeme must comprise of form and meaning Sememe vs seme - the single meaning of a lexical unit - can be decomposed into semantic components, semantic elements or distinctive features = semes - seme = the smallest semantic component - a complex or hierarchical configuration of semes - the method of decomposition of a sememe into semes = componential analysis.
