the cookbook as PDF
... One of the most important aspects of lemon is that senses should be unique to a given lexical entry/ontology reference pair, this means that “creature” and “animal”, should not refer to the same sense entity, but can be related using the equivalent property. If two lexical entries do share a sense, ...
... One of the most important aspects of lemon is that senses should be unique to a given lexical entry/ontology reference pair, this means that “creature” and “animal”, should not refer to the same sense entity, but can be related using the equivalent property. If two lexical entries do share a sense, ...
54. Adverbs and adverbials
... The term “adverb” refers to a specific word class or lexical category and therefore contrasts with other word classes, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, or prepositions. On the one hand, both adverbs and prepositions are uninflected, with adverbs differing from prepositions in having phrasal status. ...
... The term “adverb” refers to a specific word class or lexical category and therefore contrasts with other word classes, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, or prepositions. On the one hand, both adverbs and prepositions are uninflected, with adverbs differing from prepositions in having phrasal status. ...
The syntax of French adverbs without functional projections*
... by associating them with two different grammatical functions: they are adjuncts when they precede the head, and complements when they follow it (e.g. Abeillé and Godard 1997, Bouma et al. 2001). Crucially, although they adjoin to various categories, adverbs can only be complements of verbs. On the b ...
... by associating them with two different grammatical functions: they are adjuncts when they precede the head, and complements when they follow it (e.g. Abeillé and Godard 1997, Bouma et al. 2001). Crucially, although they adjoin to various categories, adverbs can only be complements of verbs. On the b ...
Copula Variation in African American Vernacular English: an investigation... individual- and stage-level predicate hypothesis
... copula as the standard 3rd person form despite the fact that it is prohibited in environments like ellipsis, tag questions, and inversion, and we argue later that the null copula is in fact a marked form contrastive to the contracted copula. Labov (1969) also shows that the null copula is the more ...
... copula as the standard 3rd person form despite the fact that it is prohibited in environments like ellipsis, tag questions, and inversion, and we argue later that the null copula is in fact a marked form contrastive to the contracted copula. Labov (1969) also shows that the null copula is the more ...
Complex Word-Formation and the Morphology
... grammar in which word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax respectively) are two distinct modules within a bigger syntactic module (cf. Jackendoff 1990, 1997, 2002, Ackema & Neeleman 2004), as well as evidence for the generation of compounds within word synta ...
... grammar in which word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax respectively) are two distinct modules within a bigger syntactic module (cf. Jackendoff 1990, 1997, 2002, Ackema & Neeleman 2004), as well as evidence for the generation of compounds within word synta ...
Complex Word-Formation and the Morphology-Syntax Interface
... grammar in which word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax respectively) are two distinct modules within a bigger syntactic module (cf. Jackendoff 1990, 1997, 2002, Ackema & Neeleman 2004), as well as evidence for the generation of compounds within word synta ...
... grammar in which word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax respectively) are two distinct modules within a bigger syntactic module (cf. Jackendoff 1990, 1997, 2002, Ackema & Neeleman 2004), as well as evidence for the generation of compounds within word synta ...
Conjunctions as Heads
... empty conjunctions (resulting in what is often called asyndetic coordination) in various languages. Here, I will provide evidence that they are not elided. We shall see five arguments for counting unexpressed conjunctions as empty conjunctions rather than no conjunctions. Finally, we shall see that ...
... empty conjunctions (resulting in what is often called asyndetic coordination) in various languages. Here, I will provide evidence that they are not elided. We shall see five arguments for counting unexpressed conjunctions as empty conjunctions rather than no conjunctions. Finally, we shall see that ...
Construction of grammar from the semantic basis
... it is possible to mention mainly the works of Wierzbicka (1969, 1972), Karolak (1974), Grochowski (1975), which form a continuation of the works of Bogusławski, Melchuk and Apresyan. In the Czech linguistic literature this character is present in the works of Daneš et al. and undoubtedly also in the ...
... it is possible to mention mainly the works of Wierzbicka (1969, 1972), Karolak (1974), Grochowski (1975), which form a continuation of the works of Bogusławski, Melchuk and Apresyan. In the Czech linguistic literature this character is present in the works of Daneš et al. and undoubtedly also in the ...
On Participial Imperatives
... (16) Het moet nu maar eens.even afgelopen/gedaan zijn! it must now PRT once for.a.while finished/done be ‘This should really be the end of it!’ (17) Nu moet er even opgelet/opgepast/ *(niet) getalmd/ getreuzeld worden! now must there for.a.while taken.care/ not delayed/ hung around be ‘Now attention ...
... (16) Het moet nu maar eens.even afgelopen/gedaan zijn! it must now PRT once for.a.while finished/done be ‘This should really be the end of it!’ (17) Nu moet er even opgelet/opgepast/ *(niet) getalmd/ getreuzeld worden! now must there for.a.while taken.care/ not delayed/ hung around be ‘Now attention ...
Ling 390 - Intro to Linguistics
... How do we incorporate the second sentence: she will take the test? This second sentence (called a complement clause or CP) is serving as the complement of the V wonder Like all other syntactic structures, CPs consist of: CP C ' and C ' C IP Words such as that, whether and if are known as complem ...
... How do we incorporate the second sentence: she will take the test? This second sentence (called a complement clause or CP) is serving as the complement of the V wonder Like all other syntactic structures, CPs consist of: CP C ' and C ' C IP Words such as that, whether and if are known as complem ...
Adverbs in Kenyang
... with the adverb. In Jackendoff’s (1972) analysis, adverbs are semantically classifed into four groups. These comprise the speaker-oriented adverbs; subject-oriented adverbs; event-related adverbs and focus adverbs. The speaker-oriented adverbs such as frankly, unfortunately among others carry inform ...
... with the adverb. In Jackendoff’s (1972) analysis, adverbs are semantically classifed into four groups. These comprise the speaker-oriented adverbs; subject-oriented adverbs; event-related adverbs and focus adverbs. The speaker-oriented adverbs such as frankly, unfortunately among others carry inform ...
2.5. Word-order change
... course, that languages change; and, as our passage illustrates, they can change almost out of recognition in the course of a millennium. This book aims to present some recent ideas regarding certain aspects of this phenomenon of language change, in the context of an inXuential general theory of lang ...
... course, that languages change; and, as our passage illustrates, they can change almost out of recognition in the course of a millennium. This book aims to present some recent ideas regarding certain aspects of this phenomenon of language change, in the context of an inXuential general theory of lang ...
valency - Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics
... Otec mi řekl, že nic neví. / My father told me that he knows nothing. Snom – VF – Sdat – Sak / že SENT obligatory / potential / facultative positions ...
... Otec mi řekl, že nic neví. / My father told me that he knows nothing. Snom – VF – Sdat – Sak / že SENT obligatory / potential / facultative positions ...
The Syntactic Flexibility of French Degree Adverbs
... (Abeillé and Godard 2000). We conclude that their apparently idiosyncratic properties fit into a more general theory of grammar. ...
... (Abeillé and Godard 2000). We conclude that their apparently idiosyncratic properties fit into a more general theory of grammar. ...
对英语中歧义的初步研究
... In the oxford dictionary(page 50), it has the following meanings: (1) [U] the state of having more than one possible meaning(2) [C] a word or a statement that can be understood in more than one way (3) [U/C] the state of being difficult to understand or explain because of involving many different as ...
... In the oxford dictionary(page 50), it has the following meanings: (1) [U] the state of having more than one possible meaning(2) [C] a word or a statement that can be understood in more than one way (3) [U/C] the state of being difficult to understand or explain because of involving many different as ...
Lecture 12: Semantics and Pragmatics
... concepts hard ➣ The idea behind linguistic relativity is that this will effect how you think ➣ Do we really think in language? ➢ We can think of things we don’t have words for ➢ Language under-specifies meaning ➣ Maybe we store a more abstract representation the language of thought or Mentalese ...
... concepts hard ➣ The idea behind linguistic relativity is that this will effect how you think ➣ Do we really think in language? ➢ We can think of things we don’t have words for ➢ Language under-specifies meaning ➣ Maybe we store a more abstract representation the language of thought or Mentalese ...
Applying the Constraint Grammar Parser of English to the Helsinki
... (1640–1710) approach Present-day English, great orthographic and morphological variation is still apparent in texts from the two first subperiods in this section (1500–1570 and 1570–1640). Two major remedies helped the parser deal with this variation. The first and perhaps most pressing need was to ...
... (1640–1710) approach Present-day English, great orthographic and morphological variation is still apparent in texts from the two first subperiods in this section (1500–1570 and 1570–1640). Two major remedies helped the parser deal with this variation. The first and perhaps most pressing need was to ...
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction
... The reader may wonder, why would a college offer courses on grammar – a topic that is usually thought of as part of junior high school curriculum (or even grammar school curriculum)? Well, the topic of this book is not the same thing that most people probably think of as grammar. What is taught as g ...
... The reader may wonder, why would a college offer courses on grammar – a topic that is usually thought of as part of junior high school curriculum (or even grammar school curriculum)? Well, the topic of this book is not the same thing that most people probably think of as grammar. What is taught as g ...
Extraction with deep anaphora?
... be syntactically integrated in the extended structure above this VP. Importantly, DPs cannot be introduced into this extended structure as adjuncts, as they would fail to receive case if integrated this way. This is precisely what rules out (6b): the only head available for assigning case on Susan i ...
... be syntactically integrated in the extended structure above this VP. Importantly, DPs cannot be introduced into this extended structure as adjuncts, as they would fail to receive case if integrated this way. This is precisely what rules out (6b): the only head available for assigning case on Susan i ...
On Word Definition in Children and Adults
... express the differentiae (key features of the genus) as a paradigmatic example of formal definition. Developmental research present two limitations: the first one is that the effect of level of abstraction of the definiendum on the quality of word definition has been limited to nouns. The second one ...
... express the differentiae (key features of the genus) as a paradigmatic example of formal definition. Developmental research present two limitations: the first one is that the effect of level of abstraction of the definiendum on the quality of word definition has been limited to nouns. The second one ...
The complete Proceedings of Depling 2011 as a single PDF file
... Not all questions will find a direct answer, but we believe that Dependency Linguistics 2011 provides a forum allowing for an interchange between researchers on the theoretical and the applicative sides of current linguistics, on various languages, and on various underlying models. The conference i ...
... Not all questions will find a direct answer, but we believe that Dependency Linguistics 2011 provides a forum allowing for an interchange between researchers on the theoretical and the applicative sides of current linguistics, on various languages, and on various underlying models. The conference i ...
Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics
... proven within the formal framework established for the logic. As a linguistic representation, however, purely logical representations (i.e. representations devoid of syntactic information) are inadequate. Traditional approaches to the problem of how the meaning of a sentence can be built up from the ...
... proven within the formal framework established for the logic. As a linguistic representation, however, purely logical representations (i.e. representations devoid of syntactic information) are inadequate. Traditional approaches to the problem of how the meaning of a sentence can be built up from the ...
Towards deep content extraction from specialized discourse: The case of ver-
... the descriptions of complex functional objects, i.e., devices. The corpus on which we focus is a corpus of patent claims; the devices are thus inventions that are described in great detail with respect to both their composition and function. One of the most demanding tasks of the thesis, according t ...
... the descriptions of complex functional objects, i.e., devices. The corpus on which we focus is a corpus of patent claims; the devices are thus inventions that are described in great detail with respect to both their composition and function. One of the most demanding tasks of the thesis, according t ...
Idioms, Anaphora, and Movement Diagnostics
... Get X’s goat is a phrasal idiom because the verb get does not have its literal meaning of acquisition in this idiom, nor does X’s goat refer to an animal. Just when combined, they produce the meaning ‘drive X to anger/annoyance’. The verb get does not have this meaning in any other context, nor does ...
... Get X’s goat is a phrasal idiom because the verb get does not have its literal meaning of acquisition in this idiom, nor does X’s goat refer to an animal. Just when combined, they produce the meaning ‘drive X to anger/annoyance’. The verb get does not have this meaning in any other context, nor does ...
An On-Line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation
... This dissertation presents a model of the human sentence interpretation process, which attempts to meet criteria of adequacy imposed by the different paradigms of sentence interpretation. These include the need to produce a high-level interpretation, to embed a linguistically motivated grammar, and ...
... This dissertation presents a model of the human sentence interpretation process, which attempts to meet criteria of adequacy imposed by the different paradigms of sentence interpretation. These include the need to produce a high-level interpretation, to embed a linguistically motivated grammar, and ...