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Immune System
Alex Wiemann
Immune System

The immune system defends the body
against infection and disease-causing
organisms.
Organs of the Immune System
Bone Marrow: where human immune
system cells are produced
 Thymus Gland: produces more immune
system cells and lymphocytes
 Spleen: filters the blood using T-cells, Bcells, macrophages, natural killer cells,
and red blood cells
 Lymph Nodes: filters the interstitial fluid
between the cells

Recognizing Pathogens
Antibodies are proteins produced by Bcells that identify and neutralize
pathogens.
 The antibodies have receptors on them
that connect to antigens, which are the
part of the pathogens that allow
antibodies to recognize them.

Innate and Acquired Immunity
Innate Immunity
Acquired Immunity
Antigen-independent response
Antigen-dependent response
Maximal response is immediate Lag time between exposure
and maximal response
Not antigen-specific
Antigen-specific
No immunologic memory
Immunologic memory
Skin, lysosomes, phagocytes,
coughing, sneezing
Lymphocytes
Active and Passive Immunity
Active Immunity
Passive Immunity
Host produces cells and factors
responsible for immunity
Host acquires immune factors
produced from another animal
Can work for a long time
Usually lasts only for short time
The production of antibodies
(due to disease or vaccination)
Injection of immune serum from
an individual who previously had
the disease
Humoral & Cell-Mediated Immunity
Humoral Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Deals with infectious agents in
the blood and body tissues
Deals with body cells that have
been infected
Managed by B-cells
Managed by T-cells
Uses antibodies
Uses killer T-cells
B and T Lymphocytes
B-Cells
T-Cells
Act against pathogens in the
blood and lymph
Act against pathogens, organ
transplants, cancer, etc.
Produce plasma cell clones,
which produce antibodies
Produce T-cell clones, which
can be killer, helper, or
suppressor
Antibiotics Against Bacteria and
Viruses
Antibiotics only work against bacteria, not
viruses.
 Antibiotics interrupt metabolic pathways
in prokaryotic cells. This might prevent
the formation of a cell wall or the
completion of cell division.
 Viruses have no metabolic pathways. For
this reason, antibiotics do not work on
them.

Allergies
Allergies are reactions your immune
system has to substances that most
people don’t react to.
 Symptoms include sneezing, breathing
troubles, and vomiting.
 One in every five Americans is affected by
allergies.
 There are several over-the-counter
medications available to treat allergies.

HIV/AIDS
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
HIV/AIDS weakens a person’s ability to
fight cancer and disease and is
transmitted sexually.
 There usually are no immediate
symptoms to HIV/AIDS, though some
people do develop a flu-like illness.
 0.6% of American adults have HIV/AIDS.
 HIV can be treated with certain
medications. There is no cure for AIDS.
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Sources
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http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/innate.htm
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/organs-of-the-immunesystem.html
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/differencebetween-adaptive-and-innate-immunity/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/immune.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/be7.shtml
http://www.circulatory-system.com/differences-between-b-cellsand-t-cells/
http://ibbiology.wetpaint.com/page/Explain+why+antibiotics+are
+effective+against+bacteria+but+not+against+viruses
http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/allergies-treatment-care