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CHAPTER 34: DEPONENT VERBS; ABLATIVES WITH SPECIAL DEPONENTS DEPONENT VERBS LOOK PASSIVE BUT ARE TRANSLATED ACTIVELY!! DICTIONARY ENTRIES: You can tell a verb is DEPONENT by its dictionary entry: it’s still listed: 1st sg, Pres.(Deponent) Indicative; Pres. (Deponent) Infinitive; Perfect (Deponent) Participle. The only differences are: the 1st person singular ends with ‘or’ ; Infinitive is a Passive Infinitive; and there is no Perfect Active stem (3rd p.p.) EXAMPLES (by conjugation) 1st: hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum 2nd: fateor, fatērī, fassus sum 3rd: loquor, loquī, locutus sum 4th: molior, molīrī, mollitus sum 3rd-io: patior, patī, passus sum DEPONENT VERBS ARE NEVER-EVER TRANSLATED PASSIVELY!! 1 2 PRESENT 3 4 hortor fateor loquor molior hortāris/hortāre fatēris/fatēre loqueris/loquere molīris/molīre hortātur fatētur loquitur molītur hortāmur fatēmur loquimur molīmur hortāminī fatēminī loquiminī molīminī hortantur fatentur loquuntur moliuntur IMPERATIVE sg: hortāre! fatēre! loquere! molīre! pl: hortāminī! fatēminī! loquiminī! molīminī! 1 i urge you urge he urges we urge y’ll urge they urge 2 ENGLISH 3 i admit you admit he admits we admit y’ll admit they admit i speak you speak he speaks we speak y’ll speak they speak 4 i strain at you strain at he strains at we strain at y’ll strain at they strain at **SEE PAGE 456 OF GRAMMAR APPENDIX FOR COMPLETE CONJUGATIONS!!!! Deponent Verbs conjugate exactly the same way as ‘normal’ verbs do in the Passive Voice. They can be SUBJUNCTIVE and can be conjugated in ALL TENSES!! TRANSLATION: There is no such thing as a Passive translation of a Deponent Verb. THUS: the Perfect Passive Participle (i.e. the 3rd principle part of a Deponent Verb) is translated actively. hortatus, -a, -um: having urged fassus, -a, -um: having admitted locutus, -a, -um: having spoken ***1 clue that a verb is Deponent: it has a DIRECT OBJECT!!!!!!!!! ABLATIVES WITH SPECIAL DEPONENTS Some deponent verbs naturally take Ablative Direct Objects instead of Accusative Direct Objects. By far most common is the verb utor, utī, usus sum to use (which makes sense because you use the means by which you do something), EXAMPLE: I write with (by means of) a pencil. vs. I use a pencil pencil would be Ablative in both examples Other verbs that do this (not in Wheelock but still good to know): fruor to enjoy fungor to perform potior to possess vescor to eat