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Warm Up #4 ▪ How do natural processes change Earth’s surface over time? Ch. 14 Earth’s Changing Surface Lesson 1: Plate Tectonics Essential Questions ▪ What is the theory of plate tectonics? ▪ What evidence do scientists use to support the theory of plate tectonics? ▪ How do the forces created by plate motion change Earth’s surface? Can you put the pieces together? ▪ Scientists use different types of evidence to show that Earth’s continents once were joined. How have scientists reconstructed Gondwana, a large ancient continent that was made of many continents? ▪ Use a pair of scissors to carefully cut out each landmass along the outer grey line. ▪ Arrange the puzzle pieces to construct a model of Gondwana. ▪ Once you are sure you are correct glue to pieces down on your piece of paper. ▪ What do you notice about the land masses? Plate Motion ▪ Plate tectonics – states that Earth’s crust is broken into rigid plates that move slowly over Earth’s surface ▪ How do the plates move? Plate Motion ▪ Plate tectonics – states that Earth’s crust is broken into rigid plates that move slowly over Earth’s surface ▪ How do the plates move? ▪ Move slowly over Earth’s surface either toward, away from, or sliding past another plate ▪ Why do you think this is a theory and not just a hypothesis? ▪ This replaced the hypothesis of continental drift (the hypothesis that continents move) ▪ How much time do you think it would take for the tallest mountains on Earth to form? Why do you think it will take that long? Plate Motion ▪ Why do many continents look like puzzle pieces that could fit together? ▪ What evidence do scientists use to support the theory of plate tectonics? Plate Motion ▪ Why do many continents look like puzzle pieces that could fit together? ▪ The continents were joined at one time but then broke apart and moved away from each other. ▪ What evidence do scientists use to support the theory of plate tectonics? ▪ Continental drift ▪ Geological evidence – rocks made of similar substances and mountains formed at similar times are present on continents that are now far apart ▪ Fossil evidence – the same types of fossils are on continents that are now separated by vast oceans Warm Up #2 ▪ How does Earth’s mantle move tectonic plates? How Plates Move ▪ How does Earth’s mantle move tectonic plates? ▪ Earth’s mantle is so hot that rocks can deform and move without breaking Tectonic Plate Boundaries ▪ Convergent boundary – 2 plates move toward each other ▪ Denser oceanic plate usually forced down into the mantle ▪ Subduction zone – the area where one plate slide under another ▪ What happens when 2 continents collide at a plate boundary? ▪ Divergent boundary – 2 plates move apart from each other ▪ A rift forms between the 2 plates ▪ Molten rock can erupt from the rift and when it cools it forms new crust ▪ Transform boundary – plates slide horizontally past each other ▪ Move in opposite directions Movement of Plate Boundaries ▪ Go to Page 520 in Owl book. ▪ Follow the instructions step by step. ▪ Answer all questions on a separate piece of paper with your name on it. ▪ This will be collected at the end of the period. ▪ For homework: Create a foldable about the types of boundaries (Page 513 in Owl book)