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Plants Part 1: Introduction to
Organs, Tissues and Processes
http://www.discovery.com/tvshows/life/videos/venus-flytrapcatches-flies/
What Characteristics do Plants
Share?
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Autotrophic
REVIEW: What do these words mean?
A. The Four Plant Organs
Flower:
Reproduction
What do you think each
of these 4 plant organs
DOES for the plant?
Leaves: Produce Food
Stem: Transport
Roots:
Absorb and
Anchor
1. Roots
•
•
•
•
Absorb nutrients and water
Anchor the plant
Store food
Root hairs increase surface area
2. Stems
•
•
•
•
Support the plant
Connect roots and leaves
Transport water and minerals up (Xylem)
Transport glucose and nutrients down (Phloem)
3. Leaves
•Capture as much light
energy as possible (this is
why leaves are thin and flat)
•Take in CO2
•Make food (glucose) in
photosynthesis
4. Flower
• Reproduction
Take a picture if you don’t have it inyour notebook
Similar to
4 Tissue Description Why Does the Major
What in
Plant Need It?
Type:
Feature(s) Humans?
from
Found on surface Skin
Dermal Thick, waxy, tough Protects
damage and
of leaves and
Meristematic Cells continuously
divide
water loss
stems-called
epidermis
Responsible for
growth in the
plant
Apical meristem
Stem cells
at tip of roots
protected by root
cap and at top of
stem
Vascular
A system of hollow Transports water
tubes, like a pipeline and nutrients
through roots,
stems and leaves
2 types of
vascular tubes:
Xylem = water
Phloem = food
Ground
Cells that lie
between dermal
and vascular tissues
Storage of sugar
Fat
in roots and fruits
Supports the
plant—thick,
rigid, structural
Cardio. system
Ms. Wynn
• Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration
What you need to know
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
interrelated processes
Process
Reactants
Products
Location
Energy
Involved
Photosynthesis
Carbon
dioxide, water
Glucose,
Oxygen
Chloroplasts
Input of
sunlight
(radiant
energy)
Cellular
Respiration
Glucose,
Oxygen
Carbon
dioxide, water
Mitochondria
Release of
chemical
energy (ATP)
*The reactants of one are products of the other
Photosynthesis – Trapping the Energy
Needed for Life
• Most of the energy needed for life on Earth is
gathered through photosynthesis
• Plant, algae, and some blue/green bacteria do
it.
• Organisms that do not carry out
photosynthesis (fungi, animals, some protists
and bacteria) get their energy from
photosynthetic organisms
What you need to know
Oxygen production in photosynthesis is affected
by…
Light intensity
Temperature
CO2 levels
Cell Respiration – Cells Release Energy
Stored In the Bonds of Food Molecules
• Cell respiration releases energy (ATP) from
sugars, fats, amino acids, and nucleotides.
• The sugar glucose is the most important
source of energy in cells.
• Animals, plants, and other eukaryotes rely
mainly on cellular respiration for the energy
their cells need.
2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration (aero – oxygen)
 Uses oxygen.
 Makes a lot of energy.
Anaerobic Respiration (an – not)
 Does not use oxygen.
 Makes a little bit of energy.
 Can make lactic acid.
What is the name of this molecule?
What is it’s function?
C6H12O6
GLUCOSE
What is the chemical formula for this
molecule?
O2
Name of organelle where
photosynthesis occurs?
CHLOROPLAST
What is the name of this molecule?
H2O
WATER
What is the chemical formula for this
molecule?
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
EOC Camp Day 2
Mrs. Franklin
Origins of Life
What does origin of life mean?
• Origins of life are scientific theories about how
living things arose (began) on earth
Earth’s Early Atmosphere
• A key part of theories about early life is
theories about early earth’s
environment
• Originally, scientists though the earth
was mostly gases like methane,
ammonia, nitrogen, hydrogen (MANH)
• We know now that earth probably
didn’t have methane or ammonia and
was mostly just nitrogen and hydrogen
Theories about the origin of life…
Primordial Soup Theory
• Theory states that life started in deep vents in
the ocean as heat, water, nitrogen, hydrogen
and other gases mixed together in a “soup”
Miller-Urey Experiment
• Miller and Urey tested the Primordial Soup theory
with their experiment
• They put MANH gases into a system of tubes, lit it
with a spark (to simulate lightning) and condensed
the gases
Miller-Urey Experiment
•
•
•
•
What did they find???
AMINO ACIDS!
How can we use this as evidence?
Why is it important?
Miller-Urey Experiment
• BUT…
• Miller and Urey’s mistake is that earth probably
didn’t have methane or ammonia!
• Since their original experiment, no one has been
able to recreate the experiment and get amino
acids
Endosymbiont Theory
• Theory that organelles, and eventually
eukaryotic cells, came about when large
prokaryotes engulfed (ate) small prokaryotes
• The small prokaryotes stayed alive inside the
large prokaryotes and they began working
together as a single organism
Endosymbiont Theory
• What evidence do we have for this theory?
• Chloroplast and mitochondria have their own
DNA (and it looks like prokaryotic DNA!)
Bacterial
DNA
Chloroplast and
Mitochondrial DNA
What were Earth’s first living things
like?
• There was no oxygen at first, so organisms
were anaerobic
• There were no photosynthetic organisms, so
they were heterotrophic
Where did the oxygen come
from?
• Eventually Earth’s atmosphere
was filled with oxygen
• Early blue-green bacteria used a
primitive form of photosynthesis
that RELEASED OXYGEN
• As more oxygen filled the
atmosphere, organisms evolved
that could breathe oxygen
(aerobic)
Let’s Practice Together
Of the following, __________ was not contained
in the Miller-Urey original mixture.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Water
Oxygen
Ammonia
Methane
Let’s Practice Together
• Miller and Urey's experiments provided
evidence that:
A. Life evolved on Earth from bacteria
B. Coacervates were the first type of protocells
C. Bacteria were the first type of living organism
to appear on Earth
D. Complex organic molecules can form
spontaneously under conditions that may
have existed on Earth
Independent Practice
Check Your Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
B
B
B
D
C
A
A
C
D
Check Your Answers
10. Scientist think that earth’s early atmosphere had no
oxygen and was primarily made of nitrogen and
hydrogen.
11. This is the theory that life began in deep sea vents where
gases mixed with hot water in a “soup” of nitrogen,
hydrogen and other gases.
12. In the Miller-Urey experiment, the scientitst used the
gases they believed were present in the atmosphere—
nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia and methane. The lit the
gases with a spark and mixed them with water vapor,
then allowed to gases to condense. They found amino
acids in the collection chamber. This showed that organic
compounds could form from inorganic compounds.