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Name: __________KEY__________________ Date: ________________ Period: ________
Earth Science Test Preparation
Review Questions
Chapter 15, Section 1 (pages 392 – 398)
1. The part of the Earth that is molten is the ______outer core_______.
2. The part of the Earth on which the tectonic plates move is the _____asthenosphere______.
3. Identify the layers of the Earth by their chemical composition:
a. crust
b. mantle
c. core
4. Identify the layers of the Earth by their physical properties
a. lithosphere
b. asthenosphere
c. mesosphere
d. Outer core
e. Inner core
5. Describe a tectonic plate:
A large piece of the Earth’s lithosphere that moves slowly on top of the asthenosphere
6. Explain how scientists know about the structure of the Earth’s interior (p. 398 in the textbook):
Scientists can measure the speeds at which seismic waves travel through different parts of the
Earth
7. Explain the difference between the crust and the lithosphere:
The crust is the thin, outermost layer. The lithosphere is a thick layer containing both the
crust and the upper mantle.
8. The strong, lower part of the mantle is a physical layer called the ___B___.
a. Lithosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Asthenosphere
d. Outer core
Chapter 15, Section 2 (pages 400 – 403)
9. At mid-ocean ridges ____B___.
a. The crust is older
b. Sea-floor spreading occurs
c. Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed
d. Tectonic plates are colliding
10. Explain how oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges:
Magma rises to the surface at a mid-ocean ridge and solidifies to form new oceanic
lithosphere
11. What is magnetic reversal?
The change in the polarity of Earth’s magnetic field
12. Explain how plate movement and sea floor spreading are related:
At mid-ocean ridges, new oceanic crust forms as magma rises to the surface, pushing the
plates apart
Chapter 15, Section 3 (pages 404 – 407)
13. The speed a tectonic plate moves per year is best measured in ____B____.
a. Kilometers per year
b. Centimeters per year
c. Meters per year
d. Millimeters per year
14. Briefly describe 3 possible forces of tectonic plate movement:
a. Ridge push
b. Slab pull
c. Convection
15. When convection takes place in the mantle, why does cool rock material sink and warm rock
material rise?
During the convection process in the mantle, cooler material sinks because it is denser than
warmer material
Chapter 15, Section 4 (pages 408 – 414)
16. The type of tectonic plate boundary that forms from a collision between two tectonic plates is a
______C_______.
a. Divergent plate boundary
b. Transform plate boundary
c. Convergent plate boundary
d. Normal plate boundary
17. The bending of rock layers due to stress in the Earth’s crust is known as ____B_____.
a. Uplift
b. Folding
c. Faulting
d. Subsidence
18. The type of fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall is called a __D___.
a. Strike-slip fault
b. Fault-block fault
c. Normal fault
d. Reverse fault
19. The type of mountain that forms when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward is
a _____A_______.
a. Folded mountain
b. Fault-block mountain
c. Volcanic mountain
d. Strike-slip mountain
20. Scientists’ knowledge of the Earth’s interior has come primarily from _____C______.
a. Studying magnetic reversals in oceanic crust
b. Using a system of satellites called the Global Positioning System
c. Studying seismic waves generated by earthquakes
d. Studying the pattern of fossils on different continents
21. What is rebound?
A process in which Earth’s crust slowly springs back to its previous elevation
22. What are rift zones, and how do they form?
Rift zones are a set of deep cracks in the Earth’s crust that form when two tectonic plates pull
away from each other
23. Describe three types of folds:
a. Anticlines – upward-arching folds
b.
Synclines – downward-arching folds
c. Monoclines – both ends fold horizontally
24. Describe three types of faults:
a. Normal Fault – hanging wall is down relative to the footwall
b.
Reverse Fault – footwall is down relative to the hanging wall
c.
Strike-slip Fault – the hanging wall and footwall move horizonally
25. Identify the most common types of mountains and explain how they are formed:
Folded mountains
Fault-Block mountains
Volcanic mountains