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EVOLUTION IN ACTION Pages 308-311 EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS •Evolution of a population is due to the environment and the interaction of the other species in that environment TYPES OF EVOLUTION Convergent Evolution: •Organisms with very different ancestors become more alike due to a common environment •Compare analogous structures: same functions but different development WHAT IS SIMILAR? CONVERGENT EVOLUTION Analogous Structures example: Bird wings and insect wings DIVERGENT EVOLUTION •Populations become more and more dissimilar to adapt to the environment •They share a recent common ancestor •Compare homologous structures: similar body part, but may have a different function Homologous structures example: The bones of the human arm, cat leg, whale flipper, and bat wing ADAPTIVE RADIATION •Adaptive Radiation: population undergoes divergent evolution until it fills all areas of the environment •Ex. Darwin’s finches COEVOLUTION •When two species each evolve in response to each other over a long period of time •This leads to a close relationship EXAMPLES •Rough-skinned newt and garter snake •Newt evolved to produce neurotoxins then the snake evolved resistance to this toxin through genetic mutations •Hummingbirds and bird pollinated flowers •Humming birds have long, narrow beaks, and the flowers are also long and narrow preventing most insects from getting in ARTIFICIAL SELECTION •Humans breed for specific traits causing differences in species •Ex. Dog breeding Remember, humans (not the environment) do the selecting of favorable traits