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Transcript
Ecology Biotic and Abiotic BIOMES Terms Environment-Surroundings of organisms Ecology-Study of how living things interact Biotic-Living organisms a part of environment Abiotic-Physical factors part of environment Population-group of species Community-All interacting species (food web) Ecosystem-All interacting communities Biosphere-Global ecosystem Biotic Factors Food Chains and Food webs Producers Herbivores-1st order consumers 1st Level Carnivores-2nd order consumers 2nd Level Carnivores- 3rd order consumers Scavengers-Search for dead consumers Decomposers-bacteria, fungus, insects Energy Flows and Matter Cycles Energy flow through an ecosystem How is energy transferred? 90% used by organism and about 10% passed on Food Webs Identify the: 1. Producers 2. Primary Consumers 3. Secondary Consumers 4. Herbivores 5. Carnivores 6. Omnivores TROPHIC LEVELS Chaparral Food Chains and Food Webs Location of Chaparral Biome This is the Santa Ynez Mountains, a chaparral located in Southern California. A chaparral biome is created when cool seawater meets a landmass with high average temperatures. Location of Chaparral Biome Found in a little bit of most of the continents All the blue highlighted area on the map is Chaparral Biome Chaparral Climate Often called the Mediterranean climate Mild and moist, but not rainy During the summer it is very hot and dry The temperature is usually mild but it can range from between 30° and 100° F California Chaparral Plants The plants that are adapted to dry summers The plants conserve water through small, waxy leaves and using water efficiently. The Chaparral contains 2,036 of plants other than trees. Dominant Chaparral Plants Toyon Manzanita Bitter Cherry Chamise Chaparral Animals Chaparral Animals Biomagnification Pollutants and heavy metals do not leave the organism. Instead they accumulate every time they are eaten/consumed. Extremely dangerous to higher order consumers. Energy Flows and Matter Cycles Focus on Matter Cycling Four cycles only focus on three Water cycle-you should already know it…we will not discuss it, but you are expected to know it. Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Carbon Cycle CHON-essential element for life Exists in many molecules Carbon dioxide Carbohydrates Amino acids Fats etc Cell respiration Photosynthesis Nitrogen Cycle choN 70+% of atmosphere composed of N Essential for life Helps form amino acids which in turn form proteins. Many chemical changes for N to be in useable form. Nitrogen makes up 78%of the atmosphere, but most organisms can not use this form of nitrogen, and must have the fixed form. Step 1: A special type of bacteria called nitrogen fixing bacteria take in atmospheric nitrogen and produce ammonia (NH3). Step 2: Other bacteria use this ammonia to produce nitrates and nitrites, which are nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds. Step 3: The nitrates and nitrites are used by plants to make amino acids which are then used to make plant proteins. Step 4: Plants are consumed by other organisms which use the plant amino acids to make their own. Step 5: Decomposers convert the nitrogen found in other organisms into ammonia and return it to the soil. A few of these type of bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere by a process called denitrification, however this amount is small.
