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Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3: Plant Growth and Development Preview • The Plant Embryo • Meristems • Primary Growth • Secondary Growth Section 3 Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 The Plant Embryo • Plants continuously make new cells, which differentiate and replace or add to existing tissues. • A seed develops from an ovule and contains a plant embryo. Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 The Plant Embryo, continued • The plant embryo possesses an embryonic root and shoot. • cotyledons, or seed leaves, are attached to the embryonic shoot. • In angiosperms (flowering plants), embryos have one or two cotyledons. Seed Plant Structure and Growth The Plant Embryo Section 3 Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 The Plant Embryo, continued • Germination – a plant embryo growing after a period of dormancy • Seeds sprout in response to certain changes in the environment. – Rising temp – Increase moisture • Some seeds must be exposed to cold, fire, or damage before they can sprout. Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 Visual Concept: Germination of a Monocot Seed Plant Structure and Growth Meristems • Plants grow by producing new cells in regions of active cell division called meristems. • Meristems are made up of undifferentiated cells that divide and can develop into specialized tissues. Section 3 Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 Meristems, continued • Growth that increases the length or height of a plant is called primary growth. – Primary tissues • Growth that increases the width of stems and roots is called secondary growth. – Secondary tissues Seed Plant Structure and Growth Visual Concept: Meristem Section 3 Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 Primary Growth • Apical meristems, – located at the tips of stems and roots – primary growth through cell division. • The new cells differentiate into roots, stems, and leaves. • Each branch of a stem and root has its own apical meristem that produces new primary tissues as the branch grows. Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 Visual Concept: Primary Growth in Plants Seed Plant Structure and Growth Section 3 Secondary Growth • Some of the undifferentiated cells that are left behind as stems and roots lengthen and produce lateral meristems. • The two lateral meristems responsible for secondary growth are called the cork cambium and the vascular cambium.