Download Ch6 Sex/Gender/Society

Ch6 Sex/Gender/Society
Key People
Review the major theoretical contributions or findings of these people.
Janet Chafetz: Chafetz studied the second wave of feminism in the 1960s, noting that as
large numbers of women began to work in the economy, they began to compare their
working conditions with those of men.
Donna Eder: This sociologist discovered that junior high boys call one another “girl”
when they don’t hit each other hard enough during a football game.
Frederick Engels: Engels was a colleague of Karl Marx and wrote a book about the
origins of the family in which he argued that male dominance developed with the origin
of private property.
Sue Fisher: She discovered that surgeons were recommending total hysterectomies to
female patients when they were not necessary.
Cynthia Fuchs Epstein: Epstein is a proponent of the view that differences between
males’ and females’ behavior is solely the result of social factors such as socialization
and social control.
Douglas Foley: This sociologist’s study of sports lends support to the view that things
feminine are generally devalued.
Janet Giele and Judith Lorber: As stereotypes are broken, men and women will have
the opportunity to express needs and emotions than was previously acceptable. (329)
Steven Goldberg: This sociologist’s view is that the differences between males and
females are not due to environment but to inborn differences that direct the emotions and
behaviors of the two genders.
Barbara Grosz: A professor at Harvard who experienced that female professors are not
taken as seriously as male professors.
Marvin Harris: This anthropologist suggested that male dominance grew out of the
greater strength that men had which made them better suited for the hand-to-hand combat
of tribal societies; women became the reward to entice men into battle.
Karen Horsfeld: Companies that divide their workers along gender lines find it easier to
control their female workers. Females were less likely to file complaints when their
bosses flirted with them.
Alison Jaggar: As society changes, we may see a greater appreciation for sexual
differences and gender equality can become a background condition for living in society
rather than a goal to strive for.
Gerda Lerner: While acknowledging that in all societies women—as a group—have
never had decision-making power over men, Lerner suggested that patriarchy may have
had different origins in different places around the globe.
George Murdock: This anthropologist surveyed 324 premodern societies around the
world and found that in all of them, activities were sex typed.
Alice Rossi: This feminist sociologist has suggested that women are better prepared
biologically for “mothering” than are men.
Diana Scully: She learned that surgeons “sell” unnecessary female operations to women
in order to keep themselves in business.
Jean Stockard and Miriam Johnson: These sociologists observed boys playing
basketball and heard them exchange insults that reflect a disrespect and devaluation of
women.
Samuel Stouffer: In his classic study of combat soldiers during World War II, Stouffer
noted the general devaluation of things associated with women.
Larry Summers: President of Harvard university that suggest that women’s inborn
characteristics make them less qualified to succeed in being engineers and scientists.
Christine Williams: Williams found that men in nontraditional careers and occupations
often experience a glass escalator—moving more quickly than women into desirable
work
assignments, higher-level positions, and larger salaries.